将字节转换为字符串或存储为字节 python

Question

我正在尝试通过 RSA 使用 python 加密字符串，但加密的字符串以字节形式返回 我正在尝试找到一种方法，将字节转换为字符串并将其存储在数据库中或按原样将其存储为字节，但我找不到其中任何一个 我在 django 和 mysql 中使用这个项目 我需要一些帮助，这是完整的源代码

import secrets
import string

import rsa


def create_token():
    alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
    token = ''.join(secrets.choice(alphabet) for i in range(64))
    return token


def generate_keys():
    (pubKey, privKey) = rsa.newkeys(2048)
    with open('keys/pubkey.pem', 'wb') as f:
        f.write(pubKey.save_pkcs1('PEM'))

    with open('keys/privkey.pem', 'wb') as f:
        f.write(privKey.save_pkcs1('PEM'))


def load_keys():
    with open('E:/workstation/projects/amon/cryptoPATH/keys/pubkey.pem', 'rb') as f:
        pubKey = rsa.PublicKey.load_pkcs1(f.read())

    with open('E:/workstation/projects/amon/cryptoPATH/keys/privkey.pem', 'rb') as f:
        privKey = rsa.PrivateKey.load_pkcs1(f.read())

    return pubKey, privKey


def encrypt_rsa(msg, key):
    return rsa.encrypt(msg.encode('utf-16'), key)


def decrypt_rsa(ciphertext, key):
    try:
        return rsa.decrypt(ciphertext, key).decode('utf-16')
    except:
        return False


def sign_sha1(msg, key):
    return rsa.sign(msg.encode('utf-16'), key, 'SHA-1')


def verify_sha1(msg, signature, key):
    try:
        return rsa.verify(msg.encode('utf-16'), signature, key) == 'SHA-1'
    except:
        return False


# generate_keys()
pubKey, privKey = load_keys()


def encrypt(msg):
    ciphertext = encrypt_rsa(msg, pubKey)
    return ciphertext


def decrypt(message):
    plaintext = decrypt_rsa(message, privKey)
    if plaintext:
        return plaintext
    else:
        return 'Could not decrypt the message.'


message = 'encrypted'
ciphertext = encrypt(message)
plaintext = decrypt(ciphertext)
print(str(ciphertext)[2:-1])

print(f'msg= {message}\n cipher= {ciphertext}\n plain= {plaintext}\n')

输出

Answer 1

通过使用base64解决了我的问题

import base64
import secrets
import string

import rsa


def create_token():
    alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
    token = ''.join(secrets.choice(alphabet) for i in range(32))
    return token


def generate_keys():
    (pubKey, privKey) = rsa.newkeys(2048)
    with open('keys/pubkey.pem', 'wb') as f:
        f.write(pubKey.save_pkcs1('PEM'))

    with open('keys/privkey.pem', 'wb') as f:
        f.write(privKey.save_pkcs1('PEM'))


def load_keys():
    with open('keys/pubkey.pem', 'rb') as f:
        pubKey = rsa.PublicKey.load_pkcs1(f.read())

    with open('keys/privkey.pem', 'rb') as f:
        privKey = rsa.PrivateKey.load_pkcs1(f.read())

    return pubKey, privKey


def encrypt_rsa(msg, key):
    return rsa.encrypt(msg.encode('utf-8'), key)


def decrypt_rsa(ciphertext, key):
    try:
        return rsa.decrypt(ciphertext, key).decode('utf-8')
    except:
        return False


def sign_sha1(msg, key):
    return rsa.sign(msg.encode('utf-8'), key, 'SHA-1')


def verify_sha1(msg, signature, key):
    try:
        return rsa.verify(msg.encode('utf-8'), signature, key) == 'SHA-1'
    except:
        return False


generate_keys()
pubKey, privKey = load_keys()


def encrypt(msg):
    ciphertext = encrypt_rsa(msg, pubKey)
    encoded = base64.b64encode(ciphertext)
    return encoded.decode()


def decrypt(message):
    message = base64.b64decode(message)
    plaintext = decrypt_rsa(message, privKey)
    if plaintext:
        return plaintext
    else:
        return 'Could not decrypt the message.'

Answer 2

在数据库中存储密文（字节）的一种方法是将其编码为字符串。然而，挑战在于这些编码可能是完全有效的在不同的编解码器中，但以字符串形式呈现时可能会非常不同：

import codecs
data = b'\xf0\xf1\xf2'  # three hex bytes [F0, F1, F2]
data.decode('latin1')  # Result: 'ðñò'
data.decode('cp1254')  # Result: 'ğñò'

您可以将它们维护为 hex 或 base64 编码字符串并解码它们必要时使用它们。

import binascii
stored_data = binascii.hexlify(data)  # b'f0f1f2'
read_stored_data = binascii.unhexlify(stored_data)  # b'\xf0\xf1\xf2'

import base64
stored_data = base64.b64encode(data)  # b'8PHy'
read_stored_data = base64.b64decode(stored_data)  # b'\xf0\xf1\xf2'