如何在没有网络连接的CentOs7上以root权限安装Nginx？

Question

我需要在没有互联网连接的目标上安装 Nginx，如何在离线模式下安装具有所有依赖项的 Nginx？预先感谢您的回答。

Answer 1

我最近经历了这个过程，这就是我在 centos7 上的工作：

你需要一个在线 Linux 服务器来下载依赖项。您可以使用虚拟机或其他任何东西。
在您的在线服务器上创建一个 .sh 文件并将下面的脚本复制到其中。 （我将其命名为 download_dependency）

#!/bin/bash
# This script is used to fetch external packages that are not available in standard Linux distribution

# Example: ./fetch-external-dependencies ubuntu18.04
# Script will create nms-dependencies-ubuntu18.04.tar.gz in local directory which can be copied
# into target machine and packages inside can be installed manually

set -eo pipefail

# current dir
PACKAGE_PATH="."

mkdir -p $PACKAGE_PATH

declare -A CLICKHOUSE_REPO
CLICKHOUSE_REPO['ubuntu18.04']="https://repo.clickhouse.tech/deb/lts/main"
CLICKHOUSE_REPO['ubuntu20.04']="https://repo.clickhouse.tech/deb/lts/main"
CLICKHOUSE_REPO['centos7']="https://repo.clickhouse.tech/rpm/lts/x86_64"
CLICKHOUSE_REPO['centos8']="https://repo.clickhouse.tech/rpm/lts/x86_64"
CLICKHOUSE_REPO['rhel7']="https://repo.clickhouse.tech/rpm/lts/x86_64"
CLICKHOUSE_REPO['rhel8']="https://repo.clickhouse.tech/rpm/lts/x86_64"

declare -A NGINX_REPO
NGINX_REPO['ubuntu18.04']="https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/pool/nginx/n/nginx/"
NGINX_REPO['ubuntu20.04']="https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/pool/nginx/n/nginx/"
NGINX_REPO['centos7']="https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/7/x86_64/RPMS/"
NGINX_REPO['centos8']="https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/8/x86_64/RPMS/"
NGINX_REPO['rhel7']="https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/rhel/7/x86_64/RPMS/"
NGINX_REPO['rhel8']="https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/rhel/8/x86_64/RPMS/"

CLICKHOUSE_KEY="https://repo.clickhouse.com/CLICKHOUSE-KEY.GPG"
NGINX_KEY="https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key"

declare -A CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES
# for Clickhouse package names are static between distributions
# we use ubuntu/centos entries as placeholders
CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['ubuntu']="
clickhouse-server_21.3.10.1_all.deb
clickhouse-common-static_21.3.10.1_amd64.deb"

CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['centos']="
clickhouse-server-21.3.10.1-2.noarch.rpm
clickhouse-common-static-21.3.10.1-2.x86_64.rpm"

CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['ubuntu18.04']=${CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['ubuntu']}
CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['ubuntu20.04']=${CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['ubuntu']}
CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['centos7']=${CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['centos']}
CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['centos8']=${CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['centos']}
CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['rhel7']=${CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['centos']}
CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['rhel8']=${CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES['centos']}

declare -A NGINX_PACKAGES
NGINX_PACKAGES['ubuntu18.04']="nginx_1.21.3-1~bionic_amd64.deb"
NGINX_PACKAGES['ubuntu20.04']="nginx_1.21.2-1~focal_amd64.deb"
NGINX_PACKAGES['centos7']="nginx-1.21.4-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm"
NGINX_PACKAGES['centos8']="nginx-1.21.4-1.el8.ngx.x86_64.rpm"
NGINX_PACKAGES['rhel7']="nginx-1.21.4-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm"
NGINX_PACKAGES['rhel8']="nginx-1.21.4-1.el8.ngx.x86_64.rpm"

download_packages() {
    local target_distribution=$1
    if [ -z $target_distribution ]; then
        echo "$0 - no target distribution specified"
        exit 1
    fi

    mkdir -p "${PACKAGE_PATH}/${target_distribution}"
    # just in case delete all files in target dir
    rm -f "${PACKAGE_PATH}/${target_distribution}/*"

    readarray -t clickhouse_files <<<"${CLICKHOUSE_PACKAGES[${target_distribution}]}"
    readarray -t nginx_files <<<"${NGINX_PACKAGES[${target_distribution}]}"

    echo "Downloading Clickhouse signing keys"
    curl -fs ${CLICKHOUSE_KEY} --output "${PACKAGE_PATH}/${target_distribution}/clickhouse-key.gpg"
    echo "Downloading Nginx signing keys"
    curl -fs ${NGINX_KEY} --output "${PACKAGE_PATH}/${target_distribution}/nginx-key.gpg"

    for package_file in "${clickhouse_files[@]}"; do
        if [ -z $package_file ]; then
            continue
        fi
        file_url="${CLICKHOUSE_REPO[$target_distribution]}/$package_file"
        save_file="${PACKAGE_PATH}/${target_distribution}/$package_file"
        echo "Fetching $file_url"
        curl -fs $file_url --output $save_file
    done

    for package_file in "${nginx_files[@]}"; do
        if [ -z $package_file ]; then
            continue
        fi
        file_url="${NGINX_REPO[$target_distribution]}/$package_file"
        save_file="${PACKAGE_PATH}/${target_distribution}/$package_file"
        echo "Fetching $file_url"
        curl -fs $file_url --output $save_file
    done

    bundle_file="${PACKAGE_PATH}/nms-dependencies-${target_distribution}.tar.gz"
    tar -zcf $bundle_file -C "${PACKAGE_PATH}/${target_distribution}" .
    echo "Bundle file saved as $bundle_file"

}

target_distribution=$1

if [ -z $target_distribution ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 target_distribution"
    echo "Supported target distributions: ${!CLICKHOUSE_REPO[@]}"
    exit 1
fi

# check if target distribution is supported

if [ -z ${CLICKHOUSE_REPO[$target_distribution]} ]; then
    echo "Target distribution is not supported."
    echo "Supported distributions: ${!CLICKHOUSE_REPO[@]}"
    exit 1
fi

download_packages "${target_distribution}"

然后在包含 download_dependency.sh 的同一目录中运行下面的命令：

download_dependencies.sh <your linux version> 

在我的例子中，我运行了下面的代码（将其留空以查看选项）：

download_dependencies.sh centos7

它应该开始下载，完成后您应该看到 nms -dependency-rhel7.tar.gz 在您的目录中。
将该文件（.tar.gz）复制到您的离线目标。

现在在您的目标计算机上，转到复制文件的目录并运行以下代码：

tar -zxvf nms-dependencies-rhel7.tar.gz
sudo yum install *.rpm

安装后，您可以使用 systemctl 启动 nginx：

sudo systemctl start clickhouse-server
sudo systemctl start nginx

您的 nginx 服务现在必须正在运行！

Answer 2

您可以在另一个系统中下载 tar 文件并复制

您尝试过此链接吗？

https://gist.github.com/taufiqibrahim/d7f697de6bb8b93ca348a5b94d6adbfc