在 Julia 中定义一个继承自向量的类型
我想创建一个行为与 Vector 完全相同的类型（例如 my_vector），以便我可以将其传递给所有采用 Vector 的函数。除此之外，我想专门为 my_vector 创建特殊函数，这些函数不适用于通用向量。
因此，例如，如果 A 是 Matrix 并且 typeof(b) 是 my_vector，我想成为能够使用 A\b 求解线性系统，使用 length(b) 恢复其长度，或使用 b[index] 访问其元素代码>.
同时，我想定义一个特定的函数，它可以接受 my_vector 类型的对象作为参数，但不接受 Vector 类型的对象。
我该怎么做？
I would like to create a type (say, my_vector) that behaves exactly like a Vector, so that I can pass it to all the functions that take Vectors. In addition to that, I want to create special functions exclusively for my_vector, that do not work for generic Vectors.
So, for instance, if A is a Matrix and typeof(b) is my_vector, I want to be able to solve a linear system using A\b, to recover its length with length(b), or to access its elements with b[index].
At the same time, I want to define a specific function that can take objects of type my_vector as parameters, but that does not take objects of type Vector.
How can I do this?
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这一般是不可能的。
您可以做的是将
my_vector类型定义为AbstractVector的子类型。那么所有接受AbstractVector的函数也将接受您的类型。 https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/manual/interfaces/#man-interface-array。然后，如果您希望您的
my_vector类型也具有Vector具有但AbstractVector没有的功能，您需要自己实现以下函数的方法：专门定义为仅接受Vector。 Julia 标准安装中有 49 个这样的方法，您可以通过编写methodswith(Vector)找到它们的列表。您很可能不需要全部这些方法，而只需选择一小部分此类方法，例如push!或pop!。话虽如此，这并不能确保接受
Vector的所有内容都会接受您的my_vector，就好像某些包只接受Vector您必须执行对于此包中定义的函数，过程相同。总而言之 - 检查
AbstractVector是否足以满足您的需求（很可能是这样），然后就很简单了。如果不是这样，那么做你想做的事就很难了。This is not possible in general.
What you can do is define your
my_vectortype as subtype ofAbstractVector. Then all functions acceptingAbstractVectorwill also accept your type. What you need to implement forAbstractVectoris listed in https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/manual/interfaces/#man-interface-array.Then if you want your
my_vectortype to also have functionalities thatVectorhas butAbstractVectordoes not have you need to implement yourself methods for functions that are specifically defined to only acceptVector. There are 49 such methods in Julia standard installation and you can find their list by writingmethodswith(Vector). Most likely you will not need them all but only a small selection of such methods e.g.push!orpop!.Having said that this will not ensure that everything that accepts
Vectorwill accept yourmy_vector, as if some package accepts onlyVectoryou will have to perform the same process for functions defined in this package.In summary - check if
AbstractVectoris enough for you, as most likely it is and then it is simple. If it is not the case then doing what you want is difficult.