如何修复 Pascal 中的外部:访问冲突错误?
我在 Pascal 中遇到错误,根据我的研究,这是由于声明错误(类或变量)造成的。它一定是小东西,因为它运行得很好。我真的很感激任何帮助。
更具体地说,我收到的错误是:
“外部:访问违规”,包含消息:从地址 $000004A8 读取的读取违规。第 66 行:Efa.Text:=D.Fa ;
unit UnidadProyectoInformaticaUno;
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}{$R+}{$Q+}
interface
uses
Classes, SysUtils, Forms, Controls, Graphics, Dialogs, StdCtrls,Math;
type
{ TForm1 }
TForm1 = class(TForm)
BNext: TButton;
BPrev: TButton;
BAdd: TButton;
BDel: TButton;
BClose: TButton;
EFa: TEdit;
EIm: TEdit;
EOch: TEdit;
EOt: TEdit;
ENum: TEdit;
LabFa: TLabel;
LabIm: TLabel;
LabOch: TLabel;
LabOt: TLabel;
LabNUM: TLabel;
procedure BAddClick(Sender: TObject);
procedure BCloseClick(Sender: TObject);
procedure BDelClick(Sender: TObject);
procedure BNextClick(Sender: TObject);
procedure BPrevClick(Sender: TObject);
private
public
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.lfm}
type
R= record
Fa,Im,Och: string[20];
Ot:array[1..5] of integer;
end;
Var F:file of R;
D,D1,D2:R;
Irec,i,j,k:integer;
note,grade,nada:string;
procedure OutRec;
begin
with Form1 do
IF Irec > 0 then
begin
seek(F,Irec-1);
read(F,D);
EFa.Text:=D.Fa;
EIm.Text:=D.Im;
for i:= 1 to 5 do
begin
grade:= grade +IntToStr(D.Ot[i])+' ';
end;
Eot.Text:=grade;
EOch.Text:=D.Och;
Enum.Text:= IntToStr(Irec);
end
else
begin
EFa.Text:=nada;
Enum.Text:=nada;
end;
end;
{ TForm1 }
procedure TForm1.BNextClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
If Irec = filesize(F) then
Exit
else
Irec:= Irec+1;
OutRec;
end;
procedure TForm1.BAddClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
D.Fa:=Efa.Text;
D.Im:=Eim.Text;
D.Och:=EOch.Text;
Note:= Eot.text;
for i:= 1 to 5 do
begin
k:=Pos(' ',Note);
D.Ot[i]:= strToInt(Copy(Note,1,k-1));
Delete(Note,1,k);
end;
seek(F,FileSize(F));
Write(F,D);
Irec:= FileSize(F);
OutRec;
end;
procedure TForm1.BCloseClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
close
end;
procedure TForm1.BDelClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
for i:= Irec+1 to Filesize(F) do
begin
seek(F,i-1);
read(F,D);
Seek(F,i-2);
Write(F,D);
end;
Seek(F,Filesize(f)-1);
Truncate(F);
Irec:= Min(Irec,FileSIze(F));
Outrec;
end;
procedure TForm1.BPrevClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
if Irec<2 then Exit;
Irec:= Irec-1;
OutRec;
end;
function Sort(Z:R):string;
begin
Result:=Z.Fa+' '+Z.Im+' '+Z.Och;
end;
procedure BStatus;
begin
with Form1 do
BNext.Enabled:= Irec < FileSize(f);
end;
procedure B1Status;
begin
with Form1 do
BPrev.Enabled:= Irec > 1;
end;
procedure B2Status;
begin
with Form1 do
BAdd.Enabled:= length(Eot.Text) > 0 ;
end;
procedure B3Status;
begin
with Form1 do
BDel.Enabled:= IRec > 0;
end;
begin
assignfile(F,'file.dat');
try reset(F);
except
rewrite(F);
end;
Irec:= Min(1,filesize(F));
OutRec;
for i :=1 to filesize(F)-1 do
for j:= Filesize(F) to i do
begin
seek(F,i);
read(F,D1,D2);
if Sort(D1)>Sort(D2) then
begin
write(f,D2,D1);
end;
end;
end.
I'm getting an error in Pascal, and according to my research it's due to a declaration error (class or variable). It has to be something small, since it was working just fine. I would really appreciate any help.
To be more specific, the error I'm getting is:
'External:ACCESS VIOLATION' with message: Accedd violation reading from address $000004A8. In line 66: Efa.Text:=D.Fa ;
unit UnidadProyectoInformaticaUno;
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}{$R+}{$Q+}
interface
uses
Classes, SysUtils, Forms, Controls, Graphics, Dialogs, StdCtrls,Math;
type
{ TForm1 }
TForm1 = class(TForm)
BNext: TButton;
BPrev: TButton;
BAdd: TButton;
BDel: TButton;
BClose: TButton;
EFa: TEdit;
EIm: TEdit;
EOch: TEdit;
EOt: TEdit;
ENum: TEdit;
LabFa: TLabel;
LabIm: TLabel;
LabOch: TLabel;
LabOt: TLabel;
LabNUM: TLabel;
procedure BAddClick(Sender: TObject);
procedure BCloseClick(Sender: TObject);
procedure BDelClick(Sender: TObject);
procedure BNextClick(Sender: TObject);
procedure BPrevClick(Sender: TObject);
private
public
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.lfm}
type
R= record
Fa,Im,Och: string[20];
Ot:array[1..5] of integer;
end;
Var F:file of R;
D,D1,D2:R;
Irec,i,j,k:integer;
note,grade,nada:string;
procedure OutRec;
begin
with Form1 do
IF Irec > 0 then
begin
seek(F,Irec-1);
read(F,D);
EFa.Text:=D.Fa;
EIm.Text:=D.Im;
for i:= 1 to 5 do
begin
grade:= grade +IntToStr(D.Ot[i])+' ';
end;
Eot.Text:=grade;
EOch.Text:=D.Och;
Enum.Text:= IntToStr(Irec);
end
else
begin
EFa.Text:=nada;
Enum.Text:=nada;
end;
end;
{ TForm1 }
procedure TForm1.BNextClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
If Irec = filesize(F) then
Exit
else
Irec:= Irec+1;
OutRec;
end;
procedure TForm1.BAddClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
D.Fa:=Efa.Text;
D.Im:=Eim.Text;
D.Och:=EOch.Text;
Note:= Eot.text;
for i:= 1 to 5 do
begin
k:=Pos(' ',Note);
D.Ot[i]:= strToInt(Copy(Note,1,k-1));
Delete(Note,1,k);
end;
seek(F,FileSize(F));
Write(F,D);
Irec:= FileSize(F);
OutRec;
end;
procedure TForm1.BCloseClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
close
end;
procedure TForm1.BDelClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
for i:= Irec+1 to Filesize(F) do
begin
seek(F,i-1);
read(F,D);
Seek(F,i-2);
Write(F,D);
end;
Seek(F,Filesize(f)-1);
Truncate(F);
Irec:= Min(Irec,FileSIze(F));
Outrec;
end;
procedure TForm1.BPrevClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
if Irec<2 then Exit;
Irec:= Irec-1;
OutRec;
end;
function Sort(Z:R):string;
begin
Result:=Z.Fa+' '+Z.Im+' '+Z.Och;
end;
procedure BStatus;
begin
with Form1 do
BNext.Enabled:= Irec < FileSize(f);
end;
procedure B1Status;
begin
with Form1 do
BPrev.Enabled:= Irec > 1;
end;
procedure B2Status;
begin
with Form1 do
BAdd.Enabled:= length(Eot.Text) > 0 ;
end;
procedure B3Status;
begin
with Form1 do
BDel.Enabled:= IRec > 0;
end;
begin
assignfile(F,'file.dat');
try reset(F);
except
rewrite(F);
end;
Irec:= Min(1,filesize(F));
OutRec;
for i :=1 to filesize(F)-1 do
for j:= Filesize(F) to i do
begin
seek(F,i);
read(F,D1,D2);
if Sort(D1)>Sort(D2) then
begin
write(f,D2,D1);
end;
end;
end.
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在 Free Pascal 参考指南 3.04 版(2018 年 5 月)第 16.2 段中,涉及
Units
,据说一个单元可能有一个initialization
部分和一个完成
部分。还有人说:“初始化部分本身(即没有终结)可以简单地用语句块替换。”,这就是您代码中的内容。该语句块位于单元的
begin
和end
之间,在创建Form1
(在同一单元中声明)之前在程序初始化时执行。因此,您不能在此语句块中直接或间接引用属于表单的任何内容,例如字段、控件、方法等。您正在调用
procedure OutRec
,它引用表单的Efa: TEdit
。由于表单尚未创建,您会收到访问冲突
错误。您必须重新排列代码,以便它不会尝试从替换单元初始化部分的语句块访问表单的任何部分。
In Free Pascal Reference guide, version 3.04 (May 2018), Paragraph 16.2 that deals with
Units
, it is said that a unit may have aninitialization
part and afinalization
part. It is also said: "An initialization section by itself (i.e. without finalization) may simply be replaced by a statement block.", which is what you have in your code.That statement block, between the
begin
andend
of the unit, executes at program initialization before theForm1
(declared in the same unit) is created. Therefore you can not refer to anything belonging to the form, like fields, controls, methods, etc. in this statement block, neither directly nor indirectly.You are calling
procedure OutRec
, which refers toEfa: TEdit
of the form. Since the form is not yet created, you get the error ofAccess violation
.You must rearrange your code so it doesn't attempt to access any parts of the form from the statement block that replaces a unit initialization part.