对 tkinter 中给出的列表中的数据进行匹配排序

Question

我正在做一个项目，其中有数据建议

，我在网上看到了很多方法，但没有一个能派上用场，我做了一点工作并按一些方法排序，这个自动建议工作正常但很笨拙，所以可以任何请说一下如何优化数据

# importing only  those functions
# which are needed
from tkinter import *

# creating tkinter window
root = Tk()
root.title('Sample')
root.geometry('400x400')

# this assigns the name value
name = StringVar()

# this is list values
list_box_data = ['Apple', "Ball", "Cat"]

name_lab = Label(root, width=15, text="Name")
name_lab.place(x=50, y=100)

Entry_box = Entry(root, width=15, textvariable=name)
Entry_box.place(x=150, y=100)

submit_but = Button(root, width=12, text='Print')
submit_but.place(x=150, y=150)

# there are listbox creation
list_box = Listbox(root, height=10, width=15)


def search_name(event):
    """when a key was pressed in entry box this method is called"""
    # list_box is placed
    list_box.place(x=150, y=120)

    # assigning the methods to listbox
    list_box.bind('<Leave>', curse_out)
    list_box.bind('<Double-1>', items_selected)
    list_box.bind('<Return>', items_selected)

    # this checks the list is existed or not
    if list_box_data is not None:
        # this checks for the match in phone numbers list and assigned as matched list
        match = [i for i in list_box_data if name.get() in i]

        # for inserting new data delete the old data
        list_box.delete(0, END)

        # this for add data to the listbox
        for c in match:
            list_box.insert(END, c)

        # if no existing match then the list box closes
        if not match:
            curse_out(None)

    # if the entry box is empty then it close the list box
    if name.get() == "":
        curse_out(None)


def items_selected(event):
    """when the no is selected from list box it aligned to
    the name and gives the data"""

    # this when selected the data to following happens
    for i in list_box.curselection():
        name_data = list_box.get(i)
        name.set(name_data)
        curse_out(None)


def print_text():
    print(name.get())


def curse_out(event):
    """this is the command whey the cursor is out form box it closes"""
    try:
        list_box.place_forget()
    except BaseException:
        pass


submit_but.config(command=print_text)
Entry_box.bind("<KeyRelease>", search_name)
Entry_box.bind("<Down>", lambda event: list_box.focus_set())

root.mainloop()

该代码运行良好，但几乎没有问题。

1. 时，我们是否可以（集中）输入框和列表框
2. 当列表框打开并在其他小部件上选择时，该框始终打开，而不是关闭，因此每次我想要此条目并建议整个代码应该 一次又一次地重复，我们可以通过仅传递（列表和条目）将其转换为类方法，这样它就不会笨拙

Answer 1

1. 对于你的第一个问题，这似乎是关于能力
   一次聚焦多个 tkinter 小部件，这是不可能的。这
   您当前使用的实现是您能做的最好的事情，即
   将向下箭头键绑定到将焦点置于
   列表框。

   Entry_box.bind("", lambda 事件: list_box.focus_set())
   

   除此之外，还可以绑定向上键
   列表框到一个函数，检查第一个项目当前是否
   选择，如果是这样，它将焦点切换到 Entry 小部件。

   def set_entry_focus(事件) :
       if list_box.curselection()[0] == 0 : Entry_box.focus_set()
       返回
   list_box.bind("<向上>", set_entry_focus)
   

   注意：在这里，我们使用 tkinter 列表框小部件的 curselection 方法来 获取当前选中的所有项目的索引
   以元组的形式，然后我们获取该假设的第 0 个索引
   列表框已设置为一次仅选择一项。

2. 你提到的第二个问题不一定是问题，但是
   也许有待完成的事情，因为您的代码当前没有
   似乎正在定义任何类。如果给定一个可以使用的代码，并且
   需要解决的问题，我将非常乐意附上解决方案
   稍后在此答案的编辑部分中。

添加了条目焦点的完整代码将变为 -:

# importing only  those functions
# which are needed
from tkinter import *

# creating tkinter window
root = Tk()
root.title('Sample')
root.geometry('400x400')

# this assigns the name value
name = StringVar()

# this is list values
list_box_data = ['Apple', "Ball", "Cat"]

name_lab = Label(root, width=15, text="Name")
name_lab.place(x=50, y=100)

Entry_box = Entry(root, width=15, textvariable=name)
Entry_box.place(x=150, y=100)

submit_but = Button(root, width=12, text='Print')
submit_but.place(x=150, y=150)

# there are listbox creation
list_box = Listbox(root, height=10, width=15)


def search_name(event):
    """when a key was pressed in entry box this method is called"""
    # list_box is placed
    list_box.place(x=150, y=120)

    # assigning the methods to listbox
    list_box.bind('<Leave>', curse_out)
    list_box.bind('<Double-1>', items_selected)
    list_box.bind('<Return>', items_selected)

    # this checks the list is existed or not
    if list_box_data is not None:
        # this checks for the match in phone numbers list and assigned as matched list
        match = [i for i in list_box_data if name.get() in i]

        # for inserting new data delete the old data
        list_box.delete(0, END)

        # this for add data to the listbox
        for c in match:
            list_box.insert(END, c)

        # if no existing match then the list box closes
        if not match:
            curse_out(None)

    # if the entry box is empty then it close the list box
    if name.get() == "":
        curse_out(None)


def items_selected(event):
    """when the no is selected from list box it aligned to
    the name and gives the data"""

    # this when selected the data to following happens
    for i in list_box.curselection():
        name_data = list_box.get(i)
        name.set(name_data)
        curse_out(None)


def print_text():
    print(name.get())


def curse_out(event):
    """this is the command whey the cursor is out form box it closes"""
    try:
        list_box.place_forget()
    except BaseException:
        pass

def set_entry_focus(event) :
    if list_box.curselection()[0] == 0 : Entry_box.focus_set()
    return

submit_but.config(command=print_text)
Entry_box.bind("<KeyRelease>", search_name)
Entry_box.bind("<Down>", lambda event: list_box.focus_set())
list_box.bind("<Up>", set_entry_focus)

root.mainloop()

---

另外，我注意到 OP 中提供的自动完成检查器并未按预期工作。它不是将条目文本与列表项的前几个字符匹配，而是将条目索引 1 处的字符与列表项匹配。它还以区分大小写的方式进行匹配。

注意：如果自动完成器的任何这些功能是有意的，那么上面提供的完整代码仍然包含以前使用的方法，并且本节牢记此答案能够帮助任何未来的访问者。

因此，我也对其进行了一些调整以更好地工作 -：

## NOW IT CHECKS THE FIRST N LETTERS OF EACH LIST ITEM, WHERE N IS THE LENGTH
## OF THE TEXT TYPED IN THE ENTRY, IT ALSO NOW DOES NOT DEPEND ON CAPS.
match = [i for i in list_box_data if name.get() in i[ : len(name.get())].lower()]

更改后的完整 search_name 函数将如下所示 -：

def search_name(event):
    """when a key was pressed in entry box this method is called"""
    # list_box is placed
    list_box.place(x=150, y=120)

    # assigning the methods to listbox
    list_box.bind('<Leave>', curse_out)
    list_box.bind('<Double-1>', items_selected)
    list_box.bind('<Return>', items_selected)

    # this checks the list is existed or not
    if list_box_data is not None:
        # this checks for the match in phone numbers list and assigned as matched list
        ## NOW IT CHECKS THE FIRST N LETTERS OF EACH LIST ITEM, WHERE N IS THE LENGTH
        ## OF THE TEXT TYPED IN THE ENTRY, IT ALSO NOW DOES NOT DEPEND ON CAPS.
        match = [i for i in list_box_data if name.get() in i[ : len(name.get())].lower()]

        # for inserting new data delete the old data
        list_box.delete(0, END)

        # this for add data to the listbox
        for c in match:
            list_box.insert(END, c)

        # if no existing match then the list box closes
        if not match:
            curse_out(None)

    # if the entry box is empty then it close the list box
    if name.get() == "":
        curse_out(None)