可以用变量来调用函数吗

发布于 2025-01-10 06:06:08 字数 636 浏览 4 评论 0原文

我有四个子例程来对 2 个数字进行乘法、除法、加法和减法，我将向用户询问。

我未完成的代码是：

def multiply(a, b):
    print(f"{a} x {b} = {a*b}")
    
def divide(a, b):
    print(f"{a} ÷ {b} = {a*b}")

num1 = int(input("What is the first number?\n"))
num2 = int(input("What is the second number?\n"))
calculation = input("What calculation would you like to perform? [multiply, divide]\n")

calculation(num1, num2)

但它给出了 TypeError: 'str' object is not callable

是否有必要使用 if 语句，例如：

if calculation == 'multiply':
     multiply()
elif calculation == 'divide':
     divide()

对于所有四个子例程，或者我可以使用变量计算来替换函数名称。

原文

I have four subroutines to multiply, divide, add and subtract 2 numbers which I will ask the user for.

My unfinished code is:

def multiply(a, b):
    print(f"{a} x {b} = {a*b}")
    
def divide(a, b):
    print(f"{a} ÷ {b} = {a*b}")

num1 = int(input("What is the first number?\n"))
num2 = int(input("What is the second number?\n"))
calculation = input("What calculation would you like to perform? [multiply, divide]\n")

calculation(num1, num2)

but it gives TypeError: 'str' object is not callable

Is it necessary to use if statements like:

if calculation == 'multiply':
     multiply()
elif calculation == 'divide':
     divide()

for all four subroutines or can I use the variable calculation to substitute for the function name.

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奢望 2025-01-17 06:06:08

使用字典来保存您的函数

funcs = {'multiply': multiply, 'divide': divide}

，然后访问funcs[calculation]。

...或者如果您有 DRY 迷恋：

funcs = {f.__name__: f for f in [multiply, divide]}

演示：

>>> funcs['multiply'](3, 4)
3 x 4 = 12

您还可以访问 globals() 字典，

>>> globals()['multiply'](3, 4)
3 x 4 = 12

但这不是一个好主意，因为要调用的函数来自用户输入，谁知道是什么奇怪的可调用对象位于 globals() 中。

奖励：防止错误输入

from functools import partial
def notfound(fname, *_, **__):
    print(f'function {fname!r} not found')

用法：

>>> calculation = 'multiply'
>>> funcs.get(calculation, partial(notfound, calculation))(3, 4)
3 x 4 = 12
>>> calculation = 'none'
>>> funcs.get(calculation, partial(notfound, calculation))(3, 4)
function 'none' not found

Use a dictionary to hold your functions

funcs = {'multiply': multiply, 'divide': divide}

and then access funcs[calculation].

... or if you have a DRY fetish:

funcs = {f.__name__: f for f in [multiply, divide]}

Demo:

>>> funcs['multiply'](3, 4)
3 x 4 = 12

You could also access the globals() dict

>>> globals()['multiply'](3, 4)
3 x 4 = 12

but this is not such a good idea because the function to call comes from user input and who knows what weird callables are in globals().

Bonus: safeguarding against bad input

from functools import partial
def notfound(fname, *_, **__):
    print(f'function {fname!r} not found')

Usage:

>>> calculation = 'multiply'
>>> funcs.get(calculation, partial(notfound, calculation))(3, 4)
3 x 4 = 12
>>> calculation = 'none'
>>> funcs.get(calculation, partial(notfound, calculation))(3, 4)
function 'none' not found

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