python 解析 XML 解析包含“xml”的属性以名义

发布于 2025-01-10 01:33:16 字数 1576 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我不明白以下行为。我通过将字符串传递到 XML eetree 来解析 XML 字符串，如下所示：

from lxml import etree
mini_example = '''
    <body>
        <div facs="pre-publication" type="description" xml:base="/api/emi" xml:id="f877d62ae6e2c8ab4011c81c474217e0" xml:lang="en">
        <title desc="invention-title">Low tech high output PV</title>
        <head xml:id="_45a0fe0003">FIELD </head>
        <p n="0001" xml:id="_45a0fe0004">The present doc is about fooball</p>
        <head xml:id="_45a0fe0005">BACKGROUND</head>
        <p n="0002" xml:id="_45a0fe0006">Once upon a time</p>
        </div>
    </body>'''
parser = etree.XMLParser(resolve_entities=False, strip_cdata=False, recover=True, ns_clean=True)
XML_tree = etree.fromstring(mini_example.encode() , parser=parser)
paragraphs = './/p[@xml:id]'
heads = './/head[@xml:id]'
titles = './/title'
xml_query = '|'.join([paragraphs, heads, titles])
all_elements = XML_tree.xpath(xml_query)

解析元素的属性时，我得到：

for para in all_elements:
    print(para.attrib)

其结果是：

{'desc': 'invention-title'}
{'{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}id': '_45a0fe0003'}
{'n': '0001', '{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}id': '_45a0fe0004'}
{'{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}id': '_45a0fe0005'}
{'n': '0002', '{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}id': '_45a0fe0006'}

因此属性名称“XML:”被转换为“{http://www.w3.xml”。 org/XML/1998/namespace}”。为什么会发生这种情况？
当然，我该怎么办？因为我有多个 xml:id、xml:base 等属性名称。

原文

I dont understand the following behaiviour.
I am parsing XML string by passing a string into XML eetree as follows:

from lxml import etree
mini_example = '''
    <body>
        <div facs="pre-publication" type="description" xml:base="/api/emi" xml:id="f877d62ae6e2c8ab4011c81c474217e0" xml:lang="en">
        <title desc="invention-title">Low tech high output PV</title>
        <head xml:id="_45a0fe0003">FIELD </head>
        <p n="0001" xml:id="_45a0fe0004">The present doc is about fooball</p>
        <head xml:id="_45a0fe0005">BACKGROUND</head>
        <p n="0002" xml:id="_45a0fe0006">Once upon a time</p>
        </div>
    </body>'''
parser = etree.XMLParser(resolve_entities=False, strip_cdata=False, recover=True, ns_clean=True)
XML_tree = etree.fromstring(mini_example.encode() , parser=parser)
paragraphs = './/p[@xml:id]'
heads = './/head[@xml:id]'
titles = './/title'
xml_query = '|'.join([paragraphs, heads, titles])
all_elements = XML_tree.xpath(xml_query)

When parsing the attributes of the elements I get:

for para in all_elements:
    print(para.attrib)

which results in:

{'desc': 'invention-title'}
{'{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}id': '_45a0fe0003'}
{'n': '0001', '{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}id': '_45a0fe0004'}
{'{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}id': '_45a0fe0005'}
{'n': '0002', '{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}id': '_45a0fe0006'}

So the attribute name "XML:" gets transformed into "{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}".
Why is this happening?
and of course,what should I do? since I have multiple xml:id,xml:base, etc names of attributes.

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