使用mockito和junit 5初始化java中的模拟服务

Question

我正在尝试学习一些集成测试，同时创建一个项目来制作游戏数据库，并且有一个在其方法中调用服务的类，

    public DigitalGame findDigitalGameByTitleAndPlatform(DigitalGame digitalGame){
        if(digitalGame == null){
            return null;
        }
        return GamesJPAService.iDigitalGameRepository.findDigitalGameByTitleAndPlatform(digitalGame.getTitle(), digitalGame.getPlatform());
    }

如下所示，当项目作为 @Service 启动时，GamesJpaService 被初始化为 @Service应用。但无论是自动装配、新建还是我发现尝试初始化它的任何其他方法，都没有在测试类中初始化。例如，使用 @InjectMocks 注释

@Service
public class GamesJPAService implements IJpaServices {
    public static IDigitalGameRepository iDigitalGameRepository;

    @Autowired
    private IDigitalGameRepository iDigitalGameRepo;


    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        iDigitalGameRepository = this.iDigitalGameRepo;
    }
}

它调用的 IDigitalGameRepository 看起来像：

public interface IDigitalGameRepository extends JpaRepository<DigitalGame, String> {
    DigitalGame findDigitalGameByTitleAndPlatform(String title, Platform platform);
}

我从前面的代码中省略了一些方法。我的测试类也看起来像（目前）

@DisplayName("Digital Games Dao Test")
class DigitalGamesDaoTest {

    Set<Peripheral> compatiblePeriphs = new HashSet<>();
    Set<SupportedLanguages> supportedLanguages = new HashSet<>();
    List<Mods> mods = new ArrayList<>();
    List<DLC> dlc = new ArrayList<>();
    DigitalGame olliolli = new DigitalGame("olliolli", "", "sports", "olliolli", new ReleaseDate(), new Platform(), compatiblePeriphs, new Developer(), new Publisher(), new Region(), supportedLanguages, new NoneEnglish(), mods, dlc, "", new SpecialEdition(), true, new Platform());

    private IDigitalGamesDao digitalGamesDao;

    @Mock
    GamesJPAService gamesJpaService;


    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        digitalGamesDao = new DigitalGamesDao();
    }

   @Test
    @DisplayName("insertDigitalGame should return false when digital game already in database")
    public void insertDigitalGameShouldReturnFalseWhenDigitalGameInDatabase(){
        EntityManager mockEntityManager = mock(EntityManager.class);

        when(GamesJPAService.iDigitalGameRepository.findDigitalGameByTitleAndPlatform(olliolli.getTitle(), olliolli.getPlatform())).thenReturn(olliolli);
        doReturn(olliolli).when(digitalGamesDao.findDigitalGameByTitleAndPlatform(olliolli));
        when(digitalGamesDao.findDigitalGameByTitleAndPlatform(olliolli)).thenReturn(olliolli);

        when(mockEntityManager.merge(olliolli)).thenReturn(null);
        assertFalse(digitalGamesDao.insertDigitalGame(olliolli));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("insertDigitalGame should return true when digital game added to database")
    public void insertDigitalGameShouldReturnTrueWhenDigitalGameNotInDatabase(){

    }

，我收到一个空指针异常，

java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "com.me.gamedatabasebackend.dao.gamesJPA.IDigitalGameRepository.findDigitalGameByTitleAndPlatform(String, com. me.gamedatabasebackend.model.platform.Platform）”因为“com.me.gamedatabasebackend.dao.gamesJPA.GamesJPAService.iDigitalGameRepository”为 null

由于 GamesJPAService 尚未经过测试，我需要知道如何跳过它并仅返回值。因此，我需要帮助找到一种方法，从我的测试类中进行组件扫描，或者以可用的方式将 GamesJPAService 导入其中。

Answer 1

您需要用一些类似的想法来注释您的测试类以使注入工作

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { SpringTestConfiguration.class })
DisplayName("Digital Games Dao Test")
class DigitalGamesDaoTest {
...

但是您有一个空指针，因为 GamesJPAService.iDigitalGameRepository 为空。这是一个静态属性，并且 GamesJPAService 的实例是一个模拟，因此永远不会调用 init() 方法。