npm 安装 npm 错误！ gyp 动词 `which` 失败错误：未找到：python2

Question

在 Ubuntu 21.10 上，实际上没有安装 Python2.x，在大型项目上执行“npm install”时，我遇到以下错误（package.json 很大，但这两行可能是相关

...
  "devDependencies": {
    ...
    "sass": "^1.46.0",
    "sass-loader": "10.1.1",
...

：）

$ npm install

npm ERR! code 1
npm ERR! git dep preparation failed
npm ERR! command /usr/bin/node /usr/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js install --force --cache=/home/username/.npm --prefer-offline=false --prefer-online=false --offline=false --no-progress --no-save --no-audit --include=dev --include=peer --include=optional --no-package-lock-only --no-dry-run
npm ERR! npm WARN using --force Recommended protections disabled.
npm ERR! npm WARN old lockfile 
npm ERR! npm WARN old lockfile The package-lock.json file was created with an old version of npm,
npm ERR! npm WARN old lockfile so supplemental metadata must be fetched from the registry.
npm ERR! npm WARN old lockfile 
npm ERR! npm WARN old lockfile This is a one-time fix-up, please be patient...
npm ERR! npm WARN old lockfile 
npm ERR! npm WARN deprecated <many many warnings...>
npm ERR! npm ERR! code 1
npm ERR! npm ERR! path /home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/node-sass
npm ERR! npm ERR! command failed
npm ERR! npm ERR! command sh -c node scripts/build.js
npm ERR! npm ERR! Building: /usr/bin/node /home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js rebuild --verbose --libsass_ext= --libsass_cflags= --libsass_ldflags= --libsass_library=
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb cli [
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '/usr/bin/node',
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '/home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js',
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb cli   'rebuild',
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--verbose',
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--libsass_ext=',
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--libsass_cflags=',
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--libsass_ldflags=',
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--libsass_library='
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb cli ]
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp info using [email protected]
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp info using [email protected] | linux | x64
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb command rebuild []
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb command clean []
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb clean removing "build" directory
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb command configure []
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb check python checking for Python executable "python2" in the PATH
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed Error: not found: python2
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at getNotFoundError (/home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/node-gyp/node_modules/which/which.js:13:12)
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at F (/home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/node-gyp/node_modules/which/which.js:68:19)
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at E (/home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/node-gyp/node_modules/which/which.js:80:29)
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at /home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/node-gyp/node_modules/which/which.js:89:16
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at /home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/isexe/index.js:42:5
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at /home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/isexe/mode.js:8:5
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at FSReqCallback.oncomplete (node:fs:198:21)
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed  python2 Error: not found: python2
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at getNotFoundError (/home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/node-gyp/node_modules/which/which.js:13:12)
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at F (/home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/node-gyp/node_modules/which/which.js:68:19)
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at E (/home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/node-gyp/node_modules/which/which.js:80:29)
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at /home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/node-gyp/node_modules/which/which.js:89:16
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at /home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/isexe/index.js:42:5
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at /home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/isexe/mode.js:8:5
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at FSReqCallback.oncomplete (node:fs:198:21) {
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed   code: 'ENOENT'
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed }
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb check python checking for Python executable "python" in the PATH
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp verb `which` succeeded python /usr/bin/python
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! configure error 
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack Error: Command failed: /usr/bin/python -c import sys; print "%s.%s.%s" % sys.version_info[:3];
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack   File "<string>", line 1
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     import sys; print "%s.%s.%s" % sys.version_info[:3];
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack                       ^
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack SyntaxError: invalid syntax
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack 
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.exithandler (node:child_process:399:12)
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.emit (node:events:520:28)
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at maybeClose (node:internal/child_process:1092:16)
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (node:internal/child_process:302:5)
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! System Linux 5.15.0-18-generic
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! command "/usr/bin/node" "/home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js" "rebuild" "--verbose" "--libsass_ext=" "--libsass_cflags=" "--libsass_ldflags=" "--libsass_library="
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! cwd /home/username/.npm/_cacache/tmp/git-clonebeOztg/node_modules/node-sass
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! node -v v16.14.0
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v3.8.0
npm ERR! npm ERR! gyp ERR! not ok 
npm ERR! npm ERR! Build failed with error code: 1

特别是，这一行不是有效的 Python3.x 合成： import sys; print "%s.%s.%s" % sys.version_info[:3]; 因此，即使伪造一个名为“python”或“python2”的符号链接指向 ->系统上的“/usr/bin/python3.9”自然没有帮助。

npm cache clean --force 也没有帮助。

系统信息：

$ npm --version
8.3.1
$ node --version
v16.14.0
$ uname -mor
5.15.0-18-generic x86_64 GNU/Linux

有关如何修复此错误的任何提示？

Answer 1

我遇到了类似的问题并在没有安装 Payton 的情况下解决了它。也许这种方式可以帮助你。

sass-loader 要求您安装 Dart Sass 或 Node-Sass。
我使用了 Node-Sass，并在启动 npm install 之前手动安装了它。

因此，我的步骤是：

1. 删除node_modules
2. 删除package-lock.json（可选）
3. npm install node-sass@
4. npm install

考虑到几点：

• node-sass 版本必须与 Node.js 版本相对应。以下是快速指南，了解支持的最低和最高版本节点 sass：

  <表类=“s-表”>
  <标题>

  NodeJS
  支持的node-sass版本
  节点模块

  
  <正文>

  节点 16
  6.0+
  93

  节点 15
  5.0+
  88

  节点 14
  4.14+
  83

  节点 13
  4.13+，<5.0
  79

  节点 12
  4.12+
  72

  节点11
  4.10+，<5.0
  67

  节点 10
  4.9+，<6.0
  64

  节点8
  4.5.3+，<5.0
  57

  节点<8
  <5.0
  <57

• 当前 Node Sass 是已弃用，因此我建议使用 Dart Sass。

值得一提的是，快速更改 NodeJS 版本的简单方法是使用 nvm