如果文件名已存在于 python 中，则使用其他名称创建新文件

Question

目前我的脚本可以创建一个文件和内容。但是，我希望在我的代码中有一种方法可以直接注意到该文件是否已经存在，然后如果存在，它会创建一个新文件，该文件不是 Y，而是 Y_2 或带有当前日期的 Y。这样我就可以获得创建文件的历史记录。

customername = "X"
workspacename = "Y"

---

structureDict = {
    "attribute": ["attributes/screens"],
    
    "content": ["containers", 
                "dataProcessing", 
                "fields", 
                "properties", 
                "sources", 
                "structures", 
                "usages"],
    
    "types": ["containers/types", 
              "dataProcessing/types", 
              "fields/types", 
              "properties/types", 
              "sources/types", 
              "structures/types", 
              "usages/types"]
}
 
for category in structureDict:
    for endpoint in structureDict[category]:
        print (category, endpoint)

---

def writeContentToFile(mode, customername, workspacename, category, endpoint, jsonContent):
    path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), customername, workspacename, category)
    Path(path).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    
    with open(path + "/" + endpoint + '.json', mode, encoding='utf-8') as f:
        json.dump(jsonContent, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)


  
        f.close()


for category in structureDict:
    for endpoint in structureDict[category]:
        
        endpointFilename = endpoint
        
        if category in ["attribute", "types"]:
            endpointFilename = endpoint.replace("/", "_")


        url = url_X + endpoint

        params = {"versionId":Workspace_id,
                "includeAccessData":"true", 
                  "includeAttributes":"true",
                  "includeLinks":"true"
                 }

        jsonResponse = requests.get(url, params=params, headers={"Authorization":accessToken}).json()

        writeContentToFile('a', customername, workspacename, category, endpointFilename, jsonResponse)
        
        try:
            jsonResponsePages = jsonResponse['pages']

            if int(jsonResponsePages) != 1:
                for i in range(2, jsonResponsePages+1, 1):

                    params["page"] = str(i)
                    jsonResponse = requests.get(url=url, params = params, headers={"Authorization":accessToken}).json()['results']

                    writeContentToFile('a', customername, workspacename, category, endpointFilename, jsonResponse)
                    
        except:
            print(endpoint)
            next

Answer 1

我想我不太明白你的问题。但根据我所得到的，我可以帮助你这么多：
要检查if是否存在，您可以使用os.path.exists(path_to_file)并将其放入while循环中，这样您就可以检查您的文件名是否存在，并根据需要指定一个新文件名(Y_2)

def writeContentToFile(mode, customername, workspacename, category, endpoint, jsonContent):
    path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), customername, workspacename, category)
    Path(path).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    
    c = 1
    while os.path.exists(path + "/" + (endpoint if c == 1 else endpoint + f'_{c}') + '.json'): c += 1
    with open(path + "/" + (endpoint if c == 1 else endpoint + f'_{c}') + '.json', mode, encoding='utf-8') as f:
        json.dump(jsonContent, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)

Answer 2

您只需要在 writeContentToFile 函数中进行一些小的更改

import os
from datetime import datetime


def writeContentToFile(mode, customername, workspacename, category, endpoint, jsonContent):
    path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), customername, workspacename, category)
    date = datetime. now(). strftime("%Y_%m_%d") #getting the current date
    

    new_endpoint=endpoint[:] #Creating a new endpoint value
    index=2 #setting the counter to 2

    while os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, new_endpoint)): #keep on checking Y_DATE_2 , Y_DATE_3 until filename is unique
        new_endpoint=endpoint+'_'+date+'_'+index
        index+=1

    
    Path(path).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    
    with open(path + "/" + new_endpoint + '.json', mode, encoding='utf-8') as f:
        json.dump(jsonContent, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)


  
        f.close()

说明：
我们正在做的是，首先我们根据需要获取当前日期，然后创建一个新变量 new_endpoint，然后检查当前文件名是否存在，直到它存在为止，我们将继续添加 _1、_2 、_3。 .. 到文件名，直到我们有一个唯一的文件名。