使用文件夹名称作为文本文件中的一列

Question

懒惰的我正在考虑向一些文本文件添加一列。

文本文件位于目录中，我想将目录名称添加到文本文件中。

就像文件夹 the_peasant 中的文本文件 text.txt

has a wart    
was dressed up like a witch     
has a false nose

会变成

the_peasant has a wart    
the_peasant was dressed up like a witch    
the_peasant has a false nose

：然后我在其他名为“the_king”等的文件夹中有类似的文本文件。

我认为这是一个find 命令、bash 脚本和 sed 的组合，但我看不到它。有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

这可能对你有用：

find . -name text.txt | sed 's|.*/\(.*\)/.*|sed -i "s@^@\1 @" & |' | sh

或者如果你有 GNU sed：

find . -name text.txt | sed 's|.*/\(.*\)/.*|sed -i "s@^@\1 @" & |e' 

Answer 2

目录树：

% tree .
.
├── the_king
│   └── text.txt
├── the_knight
│   └── text.txt
├── the_peasant
│   └── text.txt
└── wart.py
3 directories, 4 files

之前的目录和内容：

% find . -name 'text.txt' -print -exec cat {} \;       
./the_king/text.txt
has a wart    
was dressed up like a witch     
has a false nose
./the_knight/text.txt
has a wart    
was dressed up like a witch     
has a false nose
./the_peasant/text.txt
has a wart    
was dressed up like a witch     
has a false nose

代码 (wart.py)：

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os

text_file = 'text.txt'
cwd = os.path.curdir # '.'

# Walk thru each directory starting at '.' and if the directory contains
# 'text.txt', print each line of the file prefixed by the name containing
# directory.
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(cwd):
    if text_file in files: # We only care IF the file is in this directory.
        print 'Found %s!' % root
        filepath = os.path.join(root, text_file) # './the_peasant/text.txt'
        root_base = os.path.basename(root)       # './the_peasant' => 'the_peasant'
        output = ''
        with open(filepath, 'r') as reader:      # Open file for read/write
            for line in reader:                  # Iterate the lines of the file
                new_line = "%s %s" % (root_base, line)
                print new_line,
                output += new_line               # Append to the output

        with open(filepath, 'w') as writer:
            writer.write(output)                 # Write to the file

        print

输出：

Found ./the_king!
the_king has a wart    
the_king was dressed up like a witch     
the_king has a false nose

Found ./the_knight!
the_knight has a wart    
the_knight was dressed up like a witch     
the_knight has a false nose

Found ./the_peasant!
the_peasant has a wart    
the_peasant was dressed up like a witch     
the_peasant has a false nose

之后的目录和内容：

% find . -name 'text.txt' -print -exec cat {} \;
./the_king/text.txt
the_king has a wart    
the_king was dressed up like a witch     
the_king has a false nose
./the_knight/text.txt
the_knight has a wart    
the_knight was dressed up like a witch     
the_knight has a false nose
./the_peasant/text.txt
the_peasant has a wart    
the_peasant was dressed up like a witch     
the_peasant has a false nose

这很有趣！感谢您的挑战！

Answer 3

简单的 python 脚本（显然，只要您将完整路径传递给目标文件，就应该在任何文件夹中工作）：

#!/usr/bin/python
if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    import os

    # Get full filepath and directory name
    filename = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[1])
    dirname = os.path.split(os.path.dirname(filename))[1]

    # Read current file contents
    my_file = open(filename, 'r')
    lines = my_file.readlines()
    my_file.close()

    # Rewrite lines, adding folder name to the start
    output_lines = [dirname + ' ' + line for line in lines]
    my_file = open(filename, 'w')
    my_file.write('\n'.join(output_lines))
    my_file.close()

Answer 4

这是我的想法：

find /path/to/dir -type f | sed -r 'p;s:.*/(.*)/.*:\1:' | xargs -n 2 sh -c 'sed -i "s/^/$1 /" $0'

这是一个如何构造命令的示例，假设存在以下文件：

/home/the_peasant/a.txt
/home/the_peasant/b.txt
/home/the_peasant/farmer/c.txt

首先 find /home/the_peasant -type f 将输出与上面完全相同的这些文件。

接下来，sed 命令将输出一个文件名，后跟目录名，如下所示：

/home/the_peasant/a.txt
the_peasant
/home/the_peasant/b.txt
the_peasant
/home/the_peasant/farmer/c.txt
farmer

xargs 将每两行进行分组并将它们传递给 sh 命令，因此您最终会得到以下三个命令

$ sh -c 'sed -i "s/^/$1 /" $0' /home/the_peasant/a.txt the_peasant
$ sh -c 'sed -i "s/^/$1 /" $0' /home/the_peasant/b.txt the_peasant
$ sh -c 'sed -i "s/^/$1 /" $0' /home/the_peasant/farmer/c.txt farmer

：产生以下 sed 命令，该命令会将文件夹名称添加到每行的开头：

$ sed -i "s/^/the_peasant /" /home/the_peasant/a.txt
$ sed -i "s/^/the_peasant /" /home/the_peasant/b.txt
$ sed -i "s/^/farmer /" /home/the_peasant/farmer/c.txt

Answer 5

使用 find 和 perl 的强制单行

find . -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d | perl -MFile::Basename -ne 'chomp; my $dir = basename($_); for my $file (glob "$dir/*") { print qq{sed -i "s/^/$dir /" $file\n} }' | tee rename_commands.sh

sh rename_commands.sh

假设 perl 和 sed 在您的 $PATH 中。生成一个 sed 命令文件来执行实际更改，以便您可以查看要执行的操作。

在我的测试中，该命令文件如下所示：

sed -i "s/^/foo /" foo/text1
sed -i "s/^/foo /" foo/text2
sed -i "s/^/bar /" bar/belvedere
sed -i "s/^/bar /" bar/robin

Answer 6

我会的。

• 获取文件路径，例如 fpath = "example.txt"
• 使用以下命令查找该文件的目录：
• 在文件中读取并写入一个新文件，将 dir_name 附加到写入之前刚刚读取的行。

可以使用以下方式访问该目录

import os
fpath = "example.txt"
dir_name = os.path.dirname(fpath)

Answer 7

您是否在适当的文件夹中运行脚本？然后你可以使用 os 模块来查找当前文件夹。假设您只想获取目录树的末尾，您可以使用 os.path，例如：

import os, os.path

curDirectory = os.getcwd()
baseDir = os.path.basename()

inFile = open("filename.txt").xreadlines()
outFile = open("filename.out", "w")

for line in inFile:
    outFile.write("%s %s" % (baseDir, line))
outFile.close()

Answer 8

编辑：注意到有些东西不正确。
我删除了 dir 循环 - 它现在递归地行走。
抱歉搞混了。

使用 os.walk

import os.path
directory = os.path.curdir
pattern = ".py";
for (path,dirs,files) in os.walk(directory):
    for file in files:
        if not file.endswith(pattern):
            continue
        filename = os.path.join(path,file)
        #print "file: ",filename
        #continue
        with open(filename,"r") as f:
            for line in f.readlines():
                print "{0} {1}".format(filename,line)
            f.close()

输出：

list1.py   # LAB(replace solution)
list1.py   # return
list1.py   # LAB(end solution)

Answer 9

这是 bash 和 awk 中的 one-ish-liner：

find . -type f -print0 |
while read -r -d "" path; do
  mv "$path" "$path.bak"
  awk -v dir="$(basename "$(dirname "$path")")" '{print dir, $0}' "$path.bak" > "$path"
done