如何获取整个矩阵、数组或数据帧的平均值、中位数和其他统计数据?
我知道这是一个基本问题,但由于某种奇怪的原因我无法找到答案。
我应该如何在整个数组、矩阵或数据帧上应用基本统计函数(如平均值、中位数等)以获得唯一的答案,而不是行或列上的向量
I know this is a basic question but for some strange reason I am unable to find an answer.
How should I apply basic statistical functions like mean, median, etc. over entire array, matrix or dataframe to get unique answers and not a vector over rows or columns
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由于这个问题出现得相当多,我将更全面地对待这个问题,包括“等等”。除了
mean
和median
之外。对于矩阵或数组,正如其他人所说,
mean
和median
将返回单个值。但是,var
将计算二维矩阵的列之间的协方差。有趣的是,对于多维数组,var
返回返回单个值。二维矩阵上的 sd 可以工作,但已弃用,返回列的标准差。更好的是,mad
在二维矩阵和多维数组上返回单个值。如果您想要返回单个值,最安全的途径是首先使用as.vector()
进行强制。玩得开心吗?对于
data.frame
,mean
已弃用,但将再次单独作用于列。median
要求您首先强制转换为向量,或者unlist
。和以前一样,var
将返回协方差,sd
再次被弃用,但会返回列的标准差。mad
要求您强制转换为向量或取消列出
。 ,如果您希望某些内容对所有值起作用,通常只需先取消列出
它即可。编辑:最新突发新闻():在 R 3.0.0 中,mean.data.frame 已失效:
Since this comes up a fair bit, I'm going to treat this a little more comprehensively, to include the 'etc.' piece in addition to
mean
andmedian
.For a matrix, or array, as the others have stated,
mean
andmedian
will return a single value. However,var
will compute the covariances between the columns of a two dimensional matrix. Interestingly, for a multi-dimensional array,var
goes back to returning a single value.sd
on a 2-d matrix will work, but is deprecated, returning the standard deviation of the columns. Even better,mad
returns a single value on a 2-d matrix and a multi-dimensional array. If you want a single value returned, the safest route is to coerce usingas.vector()
first. Having fun yet?For a
data.frame
,mean
is deprecated, but will again act on the columns separately.median
requires that you coerce to a vector first, orunlist
. As before,var
will return the covariances, andsd
is again deprecated but will return the standard deviation of the columns.mad
requires that you coerce to a vector orunlist
. In general for adata.frame
if you want something to act on all values, you generally will justunlist
it first.Edit: Late breaking news(): In R 3.0.0 mean.data.frame is defunctified:
默认情况下,
mean
和median
等适用于整个数组或矩阵。例如:
对于数据框,您可以首先将它们强制为矩阵(默认情况下,这是在列上的原因是因为数据框可以包含带有字符串的列,而您无法取其平均值):
请注意您的数据框在强制转换为矩阵之前具有所有数字列。或者排除非数字的。
By default,
mean
andmedian
etc work over an entire array or matrix.E.g.:
For data frames, you can coerce them to a matrix first (the reason this is by default over columns is because a dataframe can have columns with strings in it, which you can't take the mean of):
Just be careful that your dataframe has all numeric columns before coercing to matrix. Or exclude the non-numeric ones.
您可以通过 install.packages('dplyr') 使用
library dplyr
然后You can use
library dplyr
via install.packages('dplyr') and then