无法在 Windows 上使用 Cygwin 启动 Git GUI
我曾经在 Cygwin 控制台中启动 Git GUI 没有任何问题，但自从我更新后Cygwin 我收到以下错误消息：
$ git gui
Application initialization failed: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Error in startup script: invalid command name "tk_messageBox"
while executing
"tk_messageBox -icon error -type ok -title "git-gui: fatal error" -message $err"
invoked from within
"if {[catch {package require Tcl 8.4} err]
|| [catch {package require Tk 8.4} err]
} {
catch {wm withdraw .}
tk_messageBox \
-icon error \
-typ..."
(file "/usr/lib/git-core/git-gui" line 34)
我该如何解决这个问题？
I used to launch Git GUI within my Cygwin console without any problems, but since I updated Cygwin I've got the following error message:
$ git gui
Application initialization failed: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Error in startup script: invalid command name "tk_messageBox"
while executing
"tk_messageBox -icon error -type ok -title "git-gui: fatal error" -message $err"
invoked from within
"if {[catch {package require Tcl 8.4} err]
|| [catch {package require Tk 8.4} err]
} {
catch {wm withdraw .}
tk_messageBox \
-icon error \
-typ..."
(file "/usr/lib/git-core/git-gui" line 34)
How can I solve this?
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Cygwin 的 gitk 和 Git GUI 需要 X11。这意味着您需要安装一些 Cygwin X11 软件包并将其设置为能够打开 GUI。
这应该可以让您启动并运行：
export DISPLAY=:0.0。每次重新启动计算机时，您都需要重复步骤 3，每次打开新的 Cygwin shell 时都需要重复步骤 4（或者只需运行
echo "export DISPLAY=:0.0" >>>~/.profile< /code> 让它在您创建新 shell 时自动运行）。在评论中，似乎有些人收到错误，指出“无法连接到显示“：0.0””。如果出现这种情况，请将鼠标悬停在本应出现在系统托盘中的 X 上（如果 X 图标已隐藏，则可能需要单击向上的小图标）；弹出窗口标题应为“Cygwin/X Server:1.0”之类的内容。在步骤 4 中使用“:1.0”（或您看到的任何内容）作为
DISPLAY的值，而不是“:0.0”，并确保包含冒号。如果启动 X 服务器时遇到任何其他问题，您可能会发现有一个名为
~/.xsession-errors的文件；检查其中的内容是否出了问题。另请检查您是否有~/.startxwinrc文件，并尝试删除它，看看是否可以解决问题。对于感兴趣的人来说，X11 软件包不会自动安装的原因是它们 技术上不需要：可以通过某种复杂的方式使用与安装“xinit”包时 Cygwin 安装的服务器不同的 X11 服务器。
Cygwin's gitk and Git GUI require X11. This means you need to install some of the Cygwin X11 packages and set them up to be able to open the GUI.
This should get you up and running:
export DISPLAY=:0.0.You'll need to repeat step 3 every time you reboot your computer, and step 4 every time you open a new Cygwin shell (or just run
echo "export DISPLAY=:0.0" >>~/.profileto have it run automatically whenever you create a new shell).In the comments, it seems some people are getting errors stating 'couldn't connect to display ":0.0"'. If you get that, mouse over the X that should have appeared in your system tray (you may need to click the little up icon if the X icon has been hidden); the pop-up title should say something like "Cygwin/X Server:1.0". Use that ":1.0" (or whatever you see) as the value for
DISPLAYin step 4, rather than ":0.0", making sure to include the colon.If you have any other problems starting the X server, you will probably find you have a file called
~/.xsession-errors; check out the contents of that for what's going wrong. Also check whether you have a~/.startxwinrcfile, and try deleting it and seeing if that fixes the problem.For the interested, the reason the X11 packages aren't installed automatically is that they're not technically needed: it's possible through somewhat convoluted means to use a different X11 server than the one Cygwin installs when you install the "xinit" package.
避免 X11 并向 Cygwin 添加 Git GUI 支持
如果您想避免 X11（谁不想？）：
C:\Program Files (x86)\Git \Git Bashgit gui（可选） 如果您想留在 Cygwin 中启动 Git GUI，请在
~/.bashrc< 中添加一个函数/code> 来做到这一点。唯一需要注意的是不要将函数命名为git因为递归和参数混淆，而且您是 Windows shell 的 Git 也可能会添加相同的函数当它开始时。您还可能会遇到路径问题，因此请小心正确设置路径。编辑完 .bashrc 后，刷新您的设置：
然后简单地：
Avoid X11 and add Git GUI support to Cygwin
If you want to avoid X11 (and who wouldn't?):
C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\Git Bashgit gui(Optional) If you want to stay in Cygwin to launch Git GUI, add a function in your
~/.bashrcto do it. The only caveat is do not name the functiongitbecause of recursion and confusion with arguments, and the fact that you're Git for Windows shell may also be adding the same function when it starts. You may also run into path issues so be careful about setting up your paths correctly.When you're done editing your .bashrc, refresh your settings:
and then simply:
在花费了比我愿意承认的更多的时间之后，我设法找到了一个可行的解决方案来从我的 Cygwin shell 执行 gitk。我无法获得任何关于启动 X 服务器可靠工作的说明，最后，解决方案非常简单。
最大的警告是需要安装适用于 Windows 的 Git，可以在此处找到下载。
现在是整个正在运行的 gitk 部分。 Windows 版 Git 包含一个 cmd 文件夹，其中包含
gitk.cmdwindows 命令文件。这就是打开 gitk 所需的全部调用。在我的系统上，Git 路径位于“C:\Program Files (x86)\Git”，因此命令如下所示：
在我的 ~/.bash_profile 文件中，我添加了一个函数处理该调用，如下所示：
After spending more time than I'd care to admit, I managed to find a working solution to execute
gitkfrom my Cygwin shell. I couldn't get any of the instructions with starting the X server to work reliably, and in the end, the solution was pretty simple.The largest caveat is needing to have Git for Windows installed, the download for that can be found here.
Now for the whole running
gitkpart. Git for windows includes a cmd folder, that has agitk.cmdwindows command file. That's all you need to call to havegitkopen.On my system the Git path is in "C:\Program Files (x86)\Git", so the command would look like this:
In my ~/.bash_profile file I've added a function to handle that call which looks like this:
或者
就我而言
or
in my case
以下是对我有用的方法：
从 Cygwin 包管理器中，执行以下操作：
安装 xorg-server 和一些 xorg 字体，尤其是 xorg-x11-fonts-Type1。
接下来，创建一个指向 Windows 字体文件夹的链接以供 Git GUI 使用：
关闭 Cygwin 终端并再次打开，然后键入
Here is what worked for me:
From the Cygwin package manager, do the following:
install
xorg-serverand some xorg fonts,xorg-x11-fonts-Type1especially.Next, create a link to the Windows font folders for Git GUI to use:
Close the Cygwin terminal and open again then type
遵循me_and给出的四个步骤后和 tititou36，您可能仍然遇到 XWin 的问题启动XwinServer后就死掉了。
原因是它依赖于 Cygwin 终端/控制台，即主机，如果没有 Cygwin 控制台，Xwin 就会死掉。
解决方案是：
启动 Cygwin 控制台（您可以通过将
mintty命令放入 Cygwin 主目录下的文件.startxwinrc来使其自动启动）。After following the four steps given by me_and and tititou36, you may still have issues of the XWin just die after you started the XwinServer.
The reason is it relies on a Cygwin terminal/console, which is the host, and the Xwin dies if there is no Cygwin console.
The solution for this is:
Start a Cygwin console (you can make it automatically start by putting
minttycommand into the file.startxwinrcunder your Cygwin home directory).基于 AndrewD 的回答：不要使用 Cygwin 的
git，但使用 Windows Git 的gitk和git gui。换句话说，从 Cygwin 卸载 git-gui 和 gitk 软件包（如果已安装）。那么which gitk应该指向 Windows 文件，而不是/usr/bin中的 Cygwin 二进制文件。Based on AndrewD's answer: Don't use Cygwin's
git, but use Windows Git'sgitkandgit gui. In other words, uninstall the git-gui and gitk packages from Cygwin (if installed). Thenwhich gitkshould point to the Windows file, not the Cygwin binary in/usr/bin.