我的功能拒绝存在
每当我尝试运行我的测试文件时,我都会收到此错误:
/tmp/ccCazDOe.o: In function `main':
/home/cs136/cs136Assignments/a06/testing.c:8: undefined reference to `icopy'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
该代码旨在实现 C 中的列表结构。像 icon_destroy 和 irest_destroy 这样的函数意味着是破坏性函数。
当我尝试使用 ilength 函数时,也会发生同样的事情。
我尝试重写我的函数,重命名函数,在标头中多次定义它们,制作一个新的测试文件。我似乎无法找出问题所在。当我决定创建一个名为 ilength 且仅返回数字的函数时,它似乎起作用了,所以我认为这可能是该函数工作方式的问题。
这里有什么帮助吗?
我的测试文件的代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "ilist_destructive.h"
int main(void){
ilist x = iempty();
x = icons_destroy(1, x);
x = icons_destroy(2, x);
ilist y = icopy(x);
idelete(y);
idelete(x);
}
我的头文件:
// Destructive Abstract data type ilist
struct ilist_ADT;
typedef struct ilist_ADT *ilist;
ilist iempty();
int iempty_huh(ilist il);
int ifirst(ilist il);
ilist icons_destroy(int in, ilist il);
ilist irest_destroy(ilist il);
ilist icopy(ilist il);
int ilength(ilist il);
void idelete(ilist il);
int ilength(ilist il);
ilist icopy(ilist il);
我的.c文件:
#include "ilist_destructive.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
// The ilist ADT is a pointer to this secret struct
struct ilist_ADT{
struct ilist_ADT *rest;
int first;
};
ilist icons_destroy(int in, ilist il){
if (il == NULL) {
ilist anewlist = malloc(sizeof(struct ilist_ADT));
anewlist->first = in;
anewlist->rest = NULL;
return (anewlist);
} else {
ilist previous = malloc(sizeof(struct ilist_ADT));
previous->first = il->first;
previous->rest = il->rest;
il->first = in;
il->rest = previous;
return il;
}
}
// ifirst returns the first element of il
int ifirst(ilist il){
if(il == NULL){
exit(1);
}
return il->first;
}
ilist irest(ilist il){
if(il == NULL){
exit(1);
}
return il->rest;
}
ilist irest_destroy(ilist il){
if(il == NULL){
exit(1);
}else if(il->rest == NULL){
free(il);
return NULL;
}else{
ilist original = il->rest;
il->first = original->first;
il->rest = original->rest;
free(original);
return il;
}
}
ilist iempty(){
return NULL;
}
// test for empty ilist
int iempty_huh(ilist il){
return il == NULL;
}
// free memory for entire ilist
void idelete(ilist il){
while (il != NULL) {
ilist next = il->rest;
free(il);
il = next;
}
int ilength(ilist il){
int counter = 0;
while (iempty_huh(il) != 1){
counter = counter + 1;
il = irest(il);
}
return counter;
}
ilist icopy(ilist il){
ilist copy = malloc(sizeof(struct ilist_ADT));
copy->first = il->first;
copy->rest = il->rest;
return copy;
}
}
Whenever I try to run my test file, I get this error:
/tmp/ccCazDOe.o: In function `main':
/home/cs136/cs136Assignments/a06/testing.c:8: undefined reference to `icopy'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
The code is intended to implement a list structure in C. Functions like icons_destroy and irest_destroy are meant to be destructive functions.
The same thing happens when I try to use my ilength function.
I have tried to rewrite my functions, renaming the functions, defining them multiple times in the header, making a new test file. I just can't seem to find out what is wrong. It appears to work when I decided to make a function called ilength that just returns a number, so I think it might be a problem with the way the function works.
Any help here?
The code of my test file:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "ilist_destructive.h"
int main(void){
ilist x = iempty();
x = icons_destroy(1, x);
x = icons_destroy(2, x);
ilist y = icopy(x);
idelete(y);
idelete(x);
}
My header file:
// Destructive Abstract data type ilist
struct ilist_ADT;
typedef struct ilist_ADT *ilist;
ilist iempty();
int iempty_huh(ilist il);
int ifirst(ilist il);
ilist icons_destroy(int in, ilist il);
ilist irest_destroy(ilist il);
ilist icopy(ilist il);
int ilength(ilist il);
void idelete(ilist il);
int ilength(ilist il);
ilist icopy(ilist il);
My .c file:
#include "ilist_destructive.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
// The ilist ADT is a pointer to this secret struct
struct ilist_ADT{
struct ilist_ADT *rest;
int first;
};
ilist icons_destroy(int in, ilist il){
if (il == NULL) {
ilist anewlist = malloc(sizeof(struct ilist_ADT));
anewlist->first = in;
anewlist->rest = NULL;
return (anewlist);
} else {
ilist previous = malloc(sizeof(struct ilist_ADT));
previous->first = il->first;
previous->rest = il->rest;
il->first = in;
il->rest = previous;
return il;
}
}
// ifirst returns the first element of il
int ifirst(ilist il){
if(il == NULL){
exit(1);
}
return il->first;
}
ilist irest(ilist il){
if(il == NULL){
exit(1);
}
return il->rest;
}
ilist irest_destroy(ilist il){
if(il == NULL){
exit(1);
}else if(il->rest == NULL){
free(il);
return NULL;
}else{
ilist original = il->rest;
il->first = original->first;
il->rest = original->rest;
free(original);
return il;
}
}
ilist iempty(){
return NULL;
}
// test for empty ilist
int iempty_huh(ilist il){
return il == NULL;
}
// free memory for entire ilist
void idelete(ilist il){
while (il != NULL) {
ilist next = il->rest;
free(il);
il = next;
}
int ilength(ilist il){
int counter = 0;
while (iempty_huh(il) != 1){
counter = counter + 1;
il = irest(il);
}
return counter;
}
ilist icopy(ilist il){
ilist copy = malloc(sizeof(struct ilist_ADT));
copy->first = il->first;
copy->rest = il->rest;
return copy;
}
}
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看起来您可能只编译
testing.c
,而不是ilist_pressive.c
。您需要使用这样的命令来编译它们:(同时编译和链接它们)或者使用这样的一系列命令:(
将它们中的每一个编译成一个目标文件,然后链接然后将它们放在一起;这更加灵活,因为如果相关源文件没有更改,您可以放弃前两个步骤中的任何一个)。
It looks like you're probably only compiling
testing.c
, notilist_destructive.c
. You need to compile both of them, with a command like this:(which compiles and links them both at the same time) or else with a series of commands like this:
(which compiles each of them into an object file, and then links them together afterward; this is a bit more flexible, since you can forgo either of the first two steps if none of the relevant source-files has changed).