如何通过 class.dict 访问 Python 超类的属性？

发布于 2025-01-07 10:47:54 字数 958 浏览 4 评论 0原文

如何获取 python 类的所有属性名称包括从超类继承的属性？

class A(object):
  def getX(self):
    return "X"
  x = property(getX)

a = A()
a.x
'X'

class B(A):
  y = 10

b = B()
b.x
'X'

a.__class__.__dict__.items()
[('__module__', '__main__'), ('getX', <function getX at 0xf05500>), ('__dict__', <attribute '__dict__' of 'A' objects>), ('x', <property object at 0x114bba8>), ('__weakref__', <attribute '__weakref__' of 'A' objects>), ('__doc__', None)]
b.__class__.__dict__.items()
[('y', 10), ('__module__', '__main__'), ('__doc__', None)]

如何通过b访问a的属性？需要：“给我 b 的所有属性名称列表，包括从 a 继承的属性名称！”

>>> [q for q in a.__class__.__dict__.items() if type(q[1]) == property]
[('x', <property object at 0x114bba8>)]
>>> [q for q in b.__class__.__dict__.items() if type(q[1]) == property]
[]

我想在处理第二个 (b) 时从第一个 (a) 获得结果，但当前只能获得一个空列表。这也适用于从 B 继承的另一个 C。

原文

How can I get all property names of a python class including those properties inherited from super classes?

class A(object):
  def getX(self):
    return "X"
  x = property(getX)

a = A()
a.x
'X'

class B(A):
  y = 10

b = B()
b.x
'X'

a.__class__.__dict__.items()
[('__module__', '__main__'), ('getX', <function getX at 0xf05500>), ('__dict__', <attribute '__dict__' of 'A' objects>), ('x', <property object at 0x114bba8>), ('__weakref__', <attribute '__weakref__' of 'A' objects>), ('__doc__', None)]
b.__class__.__dict__.items()
[('y', 10), ('__module__', '__main__'), ('__doc__', None)]

How can I access properties of a via b?
Need: "Give me a list of all property names from b including those inherited from a!"

>>> [q for q in a.__class__.__dict__.items() if type(q[1]) == property]
[('x', <property object at 0x114bba8>)]
>>> [q for q in b.__class__.__dict__.items() if type(q[1]) == property]
[]

I want to get results from the first (a), when working with the second (b), but current only can get an empty list. This also should work for another C inherited from B.

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记忆之渊 2025-01-14 10:47:55

您可以使用dir()：

for attr_name in dir(B):
    attr = getattr(B, attr_name)
    if isinstance(attr, property):
        print attr

You can use dir():

for attr_name in dir(B):
    attr = getattr(B, attr_name)
    if isinstance(attr, property):
        print attr

回复收藏 0 原文

相思故 2025-01-14 10:47:55

您可以使用“dir”，也可以遵循“mro”返回的元组中包含的所有类（方法解析顺序，由类上的 __mro__ 属性给出） - 稍后再说方法是发现稍后被子类覆盖的属性的唯一方法：

>>> class A(object):
...    b = 0
... 
>>> class B(A):
...   b = 1
... 
>>> for cls in B.__mro__:
...     for item in cls.__dict__.items():
...         if item[0][:2] != "__":
...            print cls.__name__, item
... 
B ('b', 1)
A ('b', 0)
>>>

You can either use "dir", or you can follow all the classes that are contained in the tuple returned by "mro" (method resolution order,given by the __mro__ attribute on the class) - this later method is the only way of uncovering attributes that where later overriden by subclasses:

>>> class A(object):
...    b = 0
... 
>>> class B(A):
...   b = 1
... 
>>> for cls in B.__mro__:
...     for item in cls.__dict__.items():
...         if item[0][:2] != "__":
...            print cls.__name__, item
... 
B ('b', 1)
A ('b', 0)
>>>

回复收藏 0 原文

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