Python 交互式 Shell 类型应用程序

发布于 2025-01-07 04:55:40 字数 540 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我想创建一个交互式 shell 类型的应用程序。例如：

> ./app.py

Enter a command to do something. eg `create name price`. 
For to get help, enter "help" (without quotes)

> create item1 10
Created "item1", cost $10

> del item1
Deleted item1

> exit 
...

我当然可以使用无限循环获取用户输入，分割行以获取命令的各个部分，但是有更好的方法吗？即使在 PHP（Symfony 2 控制台）中，它们也允许您创建控制台命令例如，帮助设置 Web 应用程序。 Python中有类似的东西吗？（我使用的是Python 3）

原文

I want to create an interactive shell type application. For example:

> ./app.py

Enter a command to do something. eg `create name price`. 
For to get help, enter "help" (without quotes)

> create item1 10
Created "item1", cost $10

> del item1
Deleted item1

> exit 
...

I could of course use an infinte loop getting user input, splitting the line to get the individual parts of the command, but is there a better way? Even in PHP (Symfony 2 Console) they allow you to create console commands to help setup web applications for example. Is there something like that in Python? (I am using Python 3)

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幼儿园老大 2025-01-14 04:55:40

只需在循环中输入命令即可。

为了解析输入，shlex.split是一个不错的选择。或者直接使用简单的str.split。

import readline
import shlex

print('Enter a command to do something, e.g. `create name price`.')
print('To get help, enter `help`.')

while True:
    cmd, *args = shlex.split(input('> '))

    if cmd=='exit':
        break

    elif cmd=='help':
        print('...')

    elif cmd=='create':
        name, cost = args
        cost = int(cost)
        # ...
        print('Created "{}", cost ${}'.format(name, cost))

    # ...

    else:
        print('Unknown command: {}'.format(cmd))

readline 库添加历史记录功能（向上箭头）等。 Python 交互式 shell 使用它。

Just input the commands in a loop.

For parsing the input, shlex.split is a nice option. Or just go with plain str.split.

import readline
import shlex

print('Enter a command to do something, e.g. `create name price`.')
print('To get help, enter `help`.')

while True:
    cmd, *args = shlex.split(input('> '))

    if cmd=='exit':
        break

    elif cmd=='help':
        print('...')

    elif cmd=='create':
        name, cost = args
        cost = int(cost)
        # ...
        print('Created "{}", cost ${}'.format(name, cost))

    # ...

    else:
        print('Unknown command: {}'.format(cmd))

The readline library adds history functionality (up arrow) and more. Python interactive shell uses it.

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绻影浮沉 2025-01-14 04:55:40

构建此类交互式应用程序的另一种方法是使用 cmd 模块。

# app.py
from cmd import Cmd

class MyCmd(Cmd):

    prompt = "> "

    def do_create(self, args):
        name, cost = args.rsplit(" ", 1) # args is string of input after create
        print('Created "{}", cost ${}'.format(name, cost))

    def do_del(self, name):
        print('Deleted {}'.format(name))

    def do_exit(self, args):
        raise SystemExit()

if __name__ == "__main__":

    app = MyCmd()
    app.cmdloop('Enter a command to do something. eg `create name price`.')

这是运行上述代码的输出（如果上述代码位于名为 app.py 的文件中）：

$ python app.py
Enter a command to do something. eg `create name price`.
> create item1 10
Created "item1", cost $10
> del item1
Deleted item1
> exit
$

Another approach to building interactive applications like this is by using the cmd module.

# app.py
from cmd import Cmd

class MyCmd(Cmd):

    prompt = "> "

    def do_create(self, args):
        name, cost = args.rsplit(" ", 1) # args is string of input after create
        print('Created "{}", cost ${}'.format(name, cost))

    def do_del(self, name):
        print('Deleted {}'.format(name))

    def do_exit(self, args):
        raise SystemExit()

if __name__ == "__main__":

    app = MyCmd()
    app.cmdloop('Enter a command to do something. eg `create name price`.')

And here is the output of running the above code (if the above code was in a file named app.py):

$ python app.py
Enter a command to do something. eg `create name price`.
> create item1 10
Created "item1", cost $10
> del item1
Deleted item1
> exit
$

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