C++ 的混合管理

发布于 2025-01-05 18:58:14 字数 719 浏览 4 评论 0原文

我已经在我的程序中添加了一个类并对其进行了测试。我真的很惊讶竟然有任何真正的错误。这是代码：

#pragma once
#include "Iingredient.h"
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

ref class Recipe{
private:
    string partsName;
    vector<Iingredient> ing;
public:
    Recipe(){}

};

这是错误：

错误 23 错误 C4368：无法将“partsName”定义为托管成员 '食谱'：混合类型不是支持的 c:\users\user\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\smestras2_l1\Recipe.h 10 1 file2_L1
错误 24 错误 C4368：无法将“ing”定义为托管成员 '食谱'：混合类型不是支持的 c:\users\user\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\smestras2_l1\Recipe.h 11 1 file2_L1

我用谷歌搜索了一下，发现它是关于托管和非托管代码的。如何解决这个问题？它是否与托管和非托管代码相关？如果是这样怎么办？

原文

I have added a class to my program and tested it. I was really surprised that there was any real errors. Here is the code:

#pragma once
#include "Iingredient.h"
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

ref class Recipe{
private:
    string partsName;
    vector<Iingredient> ing;
public:
    Recipe(){}

};

And here are the errors:

Error 23 error C4368: cannot define 'partsName' as a member of managed
'Recipe': mixed types are not
supported c:\users\user\documents\visual studio
2010\projects\smestras2_l1\Recipe.h 10 1 file2_L1
Error 24 error C4368: cannot define 'ing' as a member of managed
'Recipe': mixed types are not
supported c:\users\user\documents\visual studio
2010\projects\smestras2_l1\Recipe.h 11 1 file2_L1

I googled a bit and found out that its about managed and unmanaged code.
How to fix this? Is it related with manged and unmanaged code or not? if so how?

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故事未完 2025-01-12 18:58:14

我同意其他人的观点：在大多数情况下，您不应该使用 C++/CLI，您应该使用 C#（或其他“正常”托管语言）（假设您想编写 .Net 应用程序）。 C++/CLI 主要在特殊情况下有用，例如托管代码和非托管代码之间的互操作。

如果您确定要使用 C++/CLI，则不能将本机类放入托管类中。但是您可以将指针放在那里：

ref class Recipe{
private:
    string* partsName;
    vector<Iingredient>* ing;
};

上面的代码可以工作。但您必须记住，这些是普通的本机 C++ 指针，这意味着您必须手动删除它们。要实现该属性，您应该了解析构函数和终结器在 C++/CLI 中的工作原理。

I agree with others: you shouldn't use C++/CLI in most circumstances, you should use C# (or another "normal" managed language) for that (assuming you want to write a .Net application). C++/CLI is useful mostly in special circumstances, like interoperating between managed and unmanaged code.

If you're sure you want use C++/CLI, you can't put native classes into managed ones. But you can put pointers to native classes there:

ref class Recipe{
private:
    string* partsName;
    vector<Iingredient>* ing;
};

The code above works. But you have to keep in mind that those are normal native C++ pointers and that means you have to manually delete them. To do that property, you should read about how destructors and finalizers work in C++/CLI.

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静待花开 2025-01-12 18:58:14

在定义ref class Recipe时，您将其设为托管。但 std::string 和 std::vector 是非托管类型。您试图在托管类中声明本机变量，但这是不允许的。

看来你是C++新手。只是，不要使用 C++/CLI。如果您的目标是 .Net 或非托管 C++，请考虑 C#。

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裂开嘴轻声笑有多痛 2025-01-12 18:58:14

不能在托管类中使用非托管类型，ref关键字，因为堆和托管堆是两种不同类型的内存。要解决这个特定问题，您可以使用托管字符串类型 (System::String^)。胡萝卜告诉编译器该类型是托管类的句柄。

解决此问题的另一种方法是使用指针，这样指针将位于托管堆上，而该对象的实际内存将位于标准非托管堆中，这就是 Recipe 所在的位置位于。

要构建您的 Recipe 类，您必须这样做

Recipe^ recipe = gcnew Recipe();

You cannot use unmanaged types in a managed class, ref keyword, because the heap and the managed heap are two different types of memory. To solve this specific problem you can use a managed string type (System::String^). The carrot tells the compiler that the type is a handle to a managed class.

Another way of going about this problem is to use pointers, that way the pointer will be on the managed heap, and the actual memory for that object will be in the standard unmanaged heap, which is where Recipe is located.

To construct your Recipe class you would have to do