结构体的地址与其第一个成员的地址相同吗?

发布于 2025-01-04 12:57:21 字数 1085 浏览 1 评论 0原文

考虑我有如下结构:

struct Bitmask
{
  unsigned char payload_length: 7;
  unsigned char mask: 1;
  unsigned char opcode: 4;
  unsigned char rsv3: 1;
  unsigned char rsv2: 1;
  unsigned char rsv1: 1;
  unsigned char fin: 1;
};

const char* payload = "Hello";
const size_t payload_length = strlen(payload);

Bitmask* header = new Bitmask();
header->fin =1;
header->rsv1 = 0;
header->rsv2 = 0;
header->rsv3 = 0;
header->opcode = 1;
header->mask = 0;
header->payload_length = payload_length;

iovec iov[2];
iov[0].iov_base = (char*)header;
iov[0].iov_len = sizeof (header);
iov[1].iov_base = (char *)payload;
iov[1].iov_len = strlen(payload);

ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG,
            ACE_TEXT ("iov[0].length = %d\niov[1].length = %d\n"),
            iov[0].iov_len,
            iov[1].iov_len));

size_t bytes_xfered;
client_stream_.sendv_n (iov, 2, 0, &bytes_xfered);

cout << "Transfered " << bytes_xfered << " byte(s)" << std::endl;

我正在使用适当的值初始化它。最后,我想将结构转换为 char*,这样我就可以附加我的有效负载(即 char* 消息)并通过 websocket 连接发送它。

Consider I have Struct like the following:

struct Bitmask
{
  unsigned char payload_length: 7;
  unsigned char mask: 1;
  unsigned char opcode: 4;
  unsigned char rsv3: 1;
  unsigned char rsv2: 1;
  unsigned char rsv1: 1;
  unsigned char fin: 1;
};

const char* payload = "Hello";
const size_t payload_length = strlen(payload);

Bitmask* header = new Bitmask();
header->fin =1;
header->rsv1 = 0;
header->rsv2 = 0;
header->rsv3 = 0;
header->opcode = 1;
header->mask = 0;
header->payload_length = payload_length;

iovec iov[2];
iov[0].iov_base = (char*)header;
iov[0].iov_len = sizeof (header);
iov[1].iov_base = (char *)payload;
iov[1].iov_len = strlen(payload);

ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG,
            ACE_TEXT ("iov[0].length = %d\niov[1].length = %d\n"),
            iov[0].iov_len,
            iov[1].iov_len));

size_t bytes_xfered;
client_stream_.sendv_n (iov, 2, 0, &bytes_xfered);

cout << "Transfered " << bytes_xfered << " byte(s)" << std::endl;

I am initializing it with appropriate values. Finally, I want to convert the struct into char* so I can append my payload (which is char* message) and send it over a websocket connection.

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评论(3

动听の歌 2025-01-11 12:57:21

结构体的地址与其第一个成员的地址相同吗?

是的,这实际上是 C 和 C++ 标准强制要求的。从C标准来看:

6.7.2.1-13。指向结构对象的指针,经过适当转换后,指向其初始成员

struct 的大小应为两个字节。不过,您不应该将指向它的指针转换为 char*:相反,您应该使用 memcpy 将您的位掩码复制到您通过网络发送的缓冲区中。

编辑由于您将分散收集 I/O 与 iovec 结合使用,因此无需将 Bitmask 转换为任何内容:iov_base 是 void*,因此您只需设置 iov[0].iov_base = header;

注意:这仅在您的 struct 不包含虚函数、基类、等等(谢谢,蒂莫)。

EDIT2

为了在 struct 中获取 {0x81, 0x05},您应该更改结构元素的顺序,如下所示:

struct Bitmask {
    unsigned char opcode: 4; 
    unsigned char rsv3: 1; 
    unsigned char rsv2: 1; 
    unsigned char rsv1: 1; 
    unsigned char fin: 1; 
    unsigned char payload_length: 7; 
    unsigned char mask: 1;
}

Is a struct's address the same as its first member's address?

Yes, this is actually mandated by the C and C++ standards. From the C standard:

6.7.2.1-13. A pointer to a structure object, suitably converted, points to its initial member

The size of your struct should be two bytes. You should not convert a pointer to it to char*, though: instead, you should use memcpy to copy your Bitmask into the buffer that you send over the network.

EDIT Since you use scatter-gather I/O with iovec, you do not need to cast Bitmask to anything: iov_base is void*, so you can simply set iov[0].iov_base = header;

Note: This works only as long as your struct does not contain virtual functions, base classes, etc. (thanks, Timo).

EDIT2

In order to get {0x81, 0x05} in your struct, you should change the order of structure elements as follows:

struct Bitmask {
    unsigned char opcode: 4; 
    unsigned char rsv3: 1; 
    unsigned char rsv2: 1; 
    unsigned char rsv1: 1; 
    unsigned char fin: 1; 
    unsigned char payload_length: 7; 
    unsigned char mask: 1;
}
旧人哭 2025-01-11 12:57:21

是的,也不是。

一般来说,这是正确的(如 dasblinkenlight 所解释的),但它特别不适用于位字段。根据 C++11 9.6/3,“没有指向位域的指针”,因此它们也没有地址。显然,如果没有“适当的转换”,“指向结构对象的指针,适当转换,指向其初始成员”就会崩溃。

Yes and no.

In general, this is true (as dasblinkenlight explains), but it specifically doesn't hold for bitfields. Per C++11 9.6/3 "there are no pointers to bitfields" so they don't have addresses, either. And obviously, "A pointer to a structure object, suitably converted, points to its initial member" breaks down if there is no "suitable conversion".

烟若柳尘 2025-01-11 12:57:21

如果使用适当的强制转换,结构的地址与其第一个成员的地址相同。给定以下 struct my_struct 声明,如果 item 的类型为 struct

my_struct, then (char *)item == &item.wp_cval.


struct my_struct
{

      char wp_cval;
      short wp_font;
      short wp_psize;


}ar[ARSIZE];

The address of a structure is the same as the address of its first member, provided that the appropriate cast is used. Given the below declaration of struct my_struct, if item is of type struct

my_struct, then (char *)item == &item.wp_cval.


struct my_struct
{

      char wp_cval;
      short wp_font;
      short wp_psize;


}ar[ARSIZE];
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