Java 中 AffineTransform 实例的串联是否需要特定的顺序?
我有 AffineTranform 实例的集合。根据具体条件,我需要连接其中任何一个 - 条件在这里并不重要。当这样做的时候,我发现串联的顺序似乎有些重要。看一下这个例子,我有:
- 一个原始的转换“原始”,它可以缩放和平移2。一个单位矩阵“一”
- 一个单位矩阵“二”
- 一个转换“缩放”
- 一个转换“翻译” 翻译
在示例中,我创建了以下组合: 1. 1 x 缩放 x 平移 2. 两个 x 平移缩放
按照 Java 文档,矩阵在连接时应该相乘,但是查看示例代码的输出会显示不同的结果。
Java 版本:Java 6 SE Update 30
示例:
package affinetransformationtest;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
public class AffineTransformationTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AffineTransform original = new AffineTransform(10, 0.0, 0.0, 100, 2, 3);
System.out.println("original: " + original);
System.out.println("");
AffineTransform scale = AffineTransform.getScaleInstance(10, 100);
AffineTransform translate= AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(2, 3);
AffineTransform one = new AffineTransform();
System.out.println("one: " + one);
one.concatenate(scale);
System.out.println("one + scale: " + one);
one.concatenate(translate);
System.out.println("one + scale + translate: " + one);
System.out.println("Is one equal to original: " + original.equals(one)); //is false
System.out.println("");
AffineTransform two = new AffineTransform();
System.out.println("two: " + two);
two.concatenate(translate);
System.out.println("two + translate: " + two);
two.concatenate(scale);
System.out.println("two + translate + scale: " + two);
System.out.println("Is two equal to original: " + original.equals(two)); //is true
System.out.println("");
}
}
输出:
original: AffineTransform[[10.0, 0.0, 2.0], [0.0, 100.0, 3.0]]
one: AffineTransform[[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]]
one + scale: AffineTransform[[10.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 100.0, 0.0]]
one + scale + translate: AffineTransform[[10.0, 0.0, 20.0], [0.0, 100.0, 300.0]]
Is one equal to original: false
two: AffineTransform[[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]]
two + translate: AffineTransform[[1.0, 0.0, 2.0], [0.0, 1.0, 3.0]]
two + translate + scale: AffineTransform[[10.0, 0.0, 2.0], [0.0, 100.0, 3.0]]
Is two equal to original: true
Java 是否存在问题,或者我的代码是否有错误?
感谢您的任何提示。
I have a collection of AffineTranform instances. Depending on specific conditions I need to concatenate any of these - the conditions are not important here. When doing so, I discovered that the order of concatenation seems to be of some importance. Looking at the example, I have:
- one original tranformation 'original' which scales and translates2. one identity matrix 'one'
- one identity matrix 'two'
- one tranformation 'scale' which scales
- one tranformation 'translate' which translates
In the example I create the following combinations:
1. one x scale x translate
2. two x translatex scale
Following the Java documentation the matrices should be multiplied when concatenated, but looking at the output of the example code shows different results.
Java version: Java 6 SE Update 30
Example:
package affinetransformationtest;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
public class AffineTransformationTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AffineTransform original = new AffineTransform(10, 0.0, 0.0, 100, 2, 3);
System.out.println("original: " + original);
System.out.println("");
AffineTransform scale = AffineTransform.getScaleInstance(10, 100);
AffineTransform translate= AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(2, 3);
AffineTransform one = new AffineTransform();
System.out.println("one: " + one);
one.concatenate(scale);
System.out.println("one + scale: " + one);
one.concatenate(translate);
System.out.println("one + scale + translate: " + one);
System.out.println("Is one equal to original: " + original.equals(one)); //is false
System.out.println("");
AffineTransform two = new AffineTransform();
System.out.println("two: " + two);
two.concatenate(translate);
System.out.println("two + translate: " + two);
two.concatenate(scale);
System.out.println("two + translate + scale: " + two);
System.out.println("Is two equal to original: " + original.equals(two)); //is true
System.out.println("");
}
}
Output:
original: AffineTransform[[10.0, 0.0, 2.0], [0.0, 100.0, 3.0]]
one: AffineTransform[[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]]
one + scale: AffineTransform[[10.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 100.0, 0.0]]
one + scale + translate: AffineTransform[[10.0, 0.0, 20.0], [0.0, 100.0, 300.0]]
Is one equal to original: false
two: AffineTransform[[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]]
two + translate: AffineTransform[[1.0, 0.0, 2.0], [0.0, 1.0, 3.0]]
two + translate + scale: AffineTransform[[10.0, 0.0, 2.0], [0.0, 100.0, 3.0]]
Is two equal to original: true
Is there an issue with Java or do I have a mistake in my code?
Thanks for any hint.
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顺序确实很重要。
看看你的第二个串联,你实际上也在缩放你的翻译,因为它之前已经应用过。
Order does matter.
Look at your second concatenation, you are actually scaling your translation as well since it is applied before.
是的,矩阵乘法的顺序很很重要。查看那些简单的示例,其中相同的矩阵以不同的顺序相乘:
示例1
示例2
Yes the order of matrix multiplication is important. Check out those simple Examples in which the same matrices are multiplied in different order:
Example1
Example2
线性代数(矩阵的数学模型)与基本代数不同。最简单的区别之一是乘法不可交换。因此 A x B 会得到与 B x A 不同的结果。
Linear algebra (the mathematical model for matrices) is different from basic algebra. One of the simplest differences is that multiplication is not commutative. So A x B will give a different result than B x A.