为什么这些简单的方法编译结果不同?
我有点困惑为什么 clang 为以下两种方法发出不同的代码:
@interface ClassA : NSObject
@end
@implementation ClassA
+ (ClassA*)giveMeAnObject1 {
return [[ClassA alloc] init];
}
+ (id)giveMeAnObject2 {
return [[ClassA alloc] init];
}
@end
如果我们查看发出的 ARMv7,那么我们会在 O3
处看到启用 ARC 的情况:
.align 2
.code 16
.thumb_func "+[ClassA giveMeAnObject1]"
"+[ClassA giveMeAnObject1]":
push {r7, lr}
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC0_0+4))
mov r7, sp
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC0_0+4))
movw r0, :lower16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC0_1+4))
movt r0, :upper16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC0_1+4))
LPC0_0:
add r1, pc
LPC0_1:
add r0, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
ldr r0, [r0]
blx _objc_msgSend
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC0_2+4))
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC0_2+4))
LPC0_2:
add r1, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
blx _objc_msgSend
pop.w {r7, lr}
b.w _objc_autorelease
.align 2
.code 16
.thumb_func "+[ClassA giveMeAnObject2]"
"+[ClassA giveMeAnObject2]":
push {r7, lr}
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC2_0+4))
mov r7, sp
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC2_0+4))
movw r0, :lower16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC2_1+4))
movt r0, :upper16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC2_1+4))
LPC2_0:
add r1, pc
LPC2_1:
add r0, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
ldr r0, [r0]
blx _objc_msgSend
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC2_2+4))
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC2_2+4))
LPC2_2:
add r1, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
blx _objc_msgSend
pop.w {r7, lr}
b.w _objc_autoreleaseReturnValue
区别在于对 objc_autoreleaseReturnValue
和 objc_autorelease
的尾部调用。老实说,我希望两者都能调用 objc_autoreleaseReturnValue 。事实上,第一个方法不使用 objc_autoreleaseReturnValue 意味着它可能会比第二个方法慢,因为肯定会有一个自动释放,然后调用者保留,而不是更快地绕过这个冗余调用,如果运行时支持的话 ARC 就可以做到。
发出的 LLVM 给出了为什么会这样的某种原因:
define internal %1* @"\01+[ClassA giveMeAnObject1]"(i8* nocapture %self, i8* nocapture %_cmd) {
%1 = load %struct._class_t** @"\01L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_", align 4
%2 = load i8** @"\01L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_", align 4
%3 = bitcast %struct._class_t* %1 to i8*
%4 = tail call i8* bitcast (i8* (i8*, i8*, ...)* @objc_msgSend to i8* (i8*, i8*)*)(i8* %3, i8* %2)
%5 = load i8** @"\01L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2", align 4
%6 = tail call i8* bitcast (i8* (i8*, i8*, ...)* @objc_msgSend to i8* (i8*, i8*)*)(i8* %4, i8* %5)
%7 = tail call i8* @objc_autorelease(i8* %6) nounwind
%8 = bitcast i8* %6 to %1*
ret %1* %8
}
define internal i8* @"\01+[ClassA giveMeAnObject2]"(i8* nocapture %self, i8* nocapture %_cmd) {
%1 = load %struct._class_t** @"\01L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_", align 4
%2 = load i8** @"\01L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_", align 4
%3 = bitcast %struct._class_t* %1 to i8*
%4 = tail call i8* bitcast (i8* (i8*, i8*, ...)* @objc_msgSend to i8* (i8*, i8*)*)(i8* %3, i8* %2)
%5 = load i8** @"\01L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2", align 4
%6 = tail call i8* bitcast (i8* (i8*, i8*, ...)* @objc_msgSend to i8* (i8*, i8*)*)(i8* %4, i8* %5)
%7 = tail call i8* @objc_autoreleaseReturnValue(i8* %6) nounwind
ret i8* %6
}
但我很难理解为什么它决定以不同的方式编译这两种方法。有人能解释一下吗?
更新:
更奇怪的是这些其他方法:
+ (ClassA*)giveMeAnObject3 {
ClassA *a = [[ClassA alloc] init];
return a;
}
+ (id)giveMeAnObject4 {
ClassA *a = [[ClassA alloc] init];
return a;
}
这些方法编译为:
.align 2
.code 16
.thumb_func "+[ClassA giveMeAnObject3]"
"+[ClassA giveMeAnObject3]":
push {r4, r7, lr}
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC2_0+4))
add r7, sp, #4
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC2_0+4))
movw r0, :lower16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC2_1+4))
movt r0, :upper16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC2_1+4))
LPC2_0:
add r1, pc
LPC2_1:
add r0, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
ldr r0, [r0]
blx _objc_msgSend
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC2_2+4))
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC2_2+4))
LPC2_2:
add r1, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
blx _objc_msgSend
blx _objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue
mov r4, r0
mov r0, r4
blx _objc_release
mov r0, r4
pop.w {r4, r7, lr}
b.w _objc_autoreleaseReturnValue
.align 2
.code 16
.thumb_func "+[ClassA giveMeAnObject4]"
"+[ClassA giveMeAnObject4]":
push {r4, r7, lr}
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC3_0+4))
add r7, sp, #4
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC3_0+4))
movw r0, :lower16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC3_1+4))
movt r0, :upper16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC3_1+4))
LPC3_0:
add r1, pc
LPC3_1:
add r0, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
ldr r0, [r0]
blx _objc_msgSend
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC3_2+4))
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC3_2+4))
LPC3_2:
add r1, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
blx _objc_msgSend
blx _objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue
mov r4, r0
mov r0, r4
blx _objc_release
mov r0, r4
pop.w {r4, r7, lr}
b.w _objc_autoreleaseReturnValue
这一次,它们是相同的,但是这里有一些东西可以进一步优化:
有一个冗余的
mov r4 , r0
后跟mov r0, r4
。先是保留,然后是释放。
当然,这两种方法的底部都可以变成:
LPC3_2:
add r1, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
blx _objc_msgSend
pop.w {r4, r7, lr}
b.w _objc_autoreleaseReturnValue
显然我们也可以省略弹出 r4 因为我们实际上不再破坏它了。然后该方法将变得与 giveMeAnObject2
完全相同,这正是我们所期望的。
clang 为何不聪明,做出这样的事?!
I'm slightly confused as to why clang is emitting different code for the following two method:
@interface ClassA : NSObject
@end
@implementation ClassA
+ (ClassA*)giveMeAnObject1 {
return [[ClassA alloc] init];
}
+ (id)giveMeAnObject2 {
return [[ClassA alloc] init];
}
@end
If we look at the ARMv7 emitted then we see this, at O3
, with ARC enabled:
.align 2
.code 16
.thumb_func "+[ClassA giveMeAnObject1]"
"+[ClassA giveMeAnObject1]":
push {r7, lr}
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC0_0+4))
mov r7, sp
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC0_0+4))
movw r0, :lower16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC0_1+4))
movt r0, :upper16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC0_1+4))
LPC0_0:
add r1, pc
LPC0_1:
add r0, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
ldr r0, [r0]
blx _objc_msgSend
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC0_2+4))
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC0_2+4))
LPC0_2:
add r1, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
blx _objc_msgSend
pop.w {r7, lr}
b.w _objc_autorelease
.align 2
.code 16
.thumb_func "+[ClassA giveMeAnObject2]"
"+[ClassA giveMeAnObject2]":
push {r7, lr}
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC2_0+4))
mov r7, sp
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC2_0+4))
movw r0, :lower16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC2_1+4))
movt r0, :upper16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC2_1+4))
LPC2_0:
add r1, pc
LPC2_1:
add r0, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
ldr r0, [r0]
blx _objc_msgSend
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC2_2+4))
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC2_2+4))
LPC2_2:
add r1, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
blx _objc_msgSend
pop.w {r7, lr}
b.w _objc_autoreleaseReturnValue
The only difference is the tail call to objc_autoreleaseReturnValue
vs objc_autorelease
. I would expect both to call objc_autoreleaseReturnValue
to be honest. In-fact the first method not using objc_autoreleaseReturnValue
means that it will potentially be slower than the second because there will definitely be an autorelease then a retain by the caller, rather than the faster bypass of this redundant call that ARC can do if it's supported in the runtime.
The LLVM which is emitted gives some kind of reason why it's like that:
define internal %1* @"\01+[ClassA giveMeAnObject1]"(i8* nocapture %self, i8* nocapture %_cmd) {
%1 = load %struct._class_t** @"\01L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_", align 4
%2 = load i8** @"\01L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_", align 4
%3 = bitcast %struct._class_t* %1 to i8*
%4 = tail call i8* bitcast (i8* (i8*, i8*, ...)* @objc_msgSend to i8* (i8*, i8*)*)(i8* %3, i8* %2)
%5 = load i8** @"\01L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2", align 4
%6 = tail call i8* bitcast (i8* (i8*, i8*, ...)* @objc_msgSend to i8* (i8*, i8*)*)(i8* %4, i8* %5)
%7 = tail call i8* @objc_autorelease(i8* %6) nounwind
%8 = bitcast i8* %6 to %1*
ret %1* %8
}
define internal i8* @"\01+[ClassA giveMeAnObject2]"(i8* nocapture %self, i8* nocapture %_cmd) {
%1 = load %struct._class_t** @"\01L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_", align 4
%2 = load i8** @"\01L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_", align 4
%3 = bitcast %struct._class_t* %1 to i8*
%4 = tail call i8* bitcast (i8* (i8*, i8*, ...)* @objc_msgSend to i8* (i8*, i8*)*)(i8* %3, i8* %2)
%5 = load i8** @"\01L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2", align 4
%6 = tail call i8* bitcast (i8* (i8*, i8*, ...)* @objc_msgSend to i8* (i8*, i8*)*)(i8* %4, i8* %5)
%7 = tail call i8* @objc_autoreleaseReturnValue(i8* %6) nounwind
ret i8* %6
}
But I'm struggling to see why it's decided to compile these two method differently. Can anyone shed some light onto it?
Update:
Even weirder is these other methods:
+ (ClassA*)giveMeAnObject3 {
ClassA *a = [[ClassA alloc] init];
return a;
}
+ (id)giveMeAnObject4 {
ClassA *a = [[ClassA alloc] init];
return a;
}
These compile to:
.align 2
.code 16
.thumb_func "+[ClassA giveMeAnObject3]"
"+[ClassA giveMeAnObject3]":
push {r4, r7, lr}
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC2_0+4))
add r7, sp, #4
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC2_0+4))
movw r0, :lower16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC2_1+4))
movt r0, :upper16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC2_1+4))
LPC2_0:
add r1, pc
LPC2_1:
add r0, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
ldr r0, [r0]
blx _objc_msgSend
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC2_2+4))
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC2_2+4))
LPC2_2:
add r1, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
blx _objc_msgSend
blx _objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue
mov r4, r0
mov r0, r4
blx _objc_release
mov r0, r4
pop.w {r4, r7, lr}
b.w _objc_autoreleaseReturnValue
.align 2
.code 16
.thumb_func "+[ClassA giveMeAnObject4]"
"+[ClassA giveMeAnObject4]":
push {r4, r7, lr}
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC3_0+4))
add r7, sp, #4
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_-(LPC3_0+4))
movw r0, :lower16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC3_1+4))
movt r0, :upper16:(L_OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_-(LPC3_1+4))
LPC3_0:
add r1, pc
LPC3_1:
add r0, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
ldr r0, [r0]
blx _objc_msgSend
movw r1, :lower16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC3_2+4))
movt r1, :upper16:(L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_2-(LPC3_2+4))
LPC3_2:
add r1, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
blx _objc_msgSend
blx _objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue
mov r4, r0
mov r0, r4
blx _objc_release
mov r0, r4
pop.w {r4, r7, lr}
b.w _objc_autoreleaseReturnValue
This time, they are identical however there's a few things which could be optimised even more here:
There's a redundant
mov r4, r0
followed bymov r0, r4
.There's a retain followed by a release.
Surely, the bottom bit of both of those methods can turn into:
LPC3_2:
add r1, pc
ldr r1, [r1]
blx _objc_msgSend
pop.w {r4, r7, lr}
b.w _objc_autoreleaseReturnValue
Obviously we could then also omit popping r4
because we don't actually clobber it any more. Then the method would turn into the exact same as giveMeAnObject2
which is exactly what we'd expect.
Why is clang not being clever and doing this?!
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这似乎是优化器中的一个错误,并被跟踪为 rdar://problem/10813093。
This appears to be a bug in the optimizer and is being tracked as rdar://problem/10813093.