C is core to Linux kernel development. Other things may help you automate or test, but you'll be doing C.
Any Linux OS is fine for kernel development. Some may make building and deploying your kernels easier, from memory Ubuntu uses Debian's kernel packaging infrastructure which makes it easy to add your own modules and have them automatically built for new kernel versions.
Start by writing simple modules.
Start by playing with the kernel build process, and make config and friends. Reboot and run kernels you compiled yourself, this will give you confidence. Try tweaking the crap out of the kernel its a lot of fun and you will learn about all the subsystems in place.
You should really go to http://kernelnewbies.org/ . It is a good starting place for kernel hacking stuff like writing device drivers. There are many resources linked at kernelnewbies.org. I know there is at least one free e-book about device driver programming.
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你真的应该去 http://kernelnewbies.org/ 。
对于内核黑客攻击（例如编写设备驱动程序）来说，这是一个很好的起点。 kernelnewbies.org 上链接了许多资源。我知道至少有一本关于设备驱动程序编程的免费电子书。
You should really go to http://kernelnewbies.org/ .
It is a good starting place for kernel hacking stuff like writing device drivers. There are many resources linked at kernelnewbies.org. I know there is at least one free e-book about device driver programming.