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如何以编程方式绘制组织结构图？

发布于 2024-12-28 15:19:51 字数 369 浏览 2 评论 0原文

我的程序的用户是按层次结构组织的。每个用户都是树中的一个节点，唯一的其他类型的节点是部门节点。每个节点有且仅有一个父节点（可能是根节点）。

我生成了一个供 graphviz 套件使用的 DOT 文件，但生成的图片无法使用，因为它太宽了。我不知道这个程序是否可以调整以满足我的需要，因为我有一个带有很多兄弟节点的扁平层次结构，所以也许我需要一个专门为此设计的程序（或编写我自己的程序）。我尝试了 unflatten 工具，但没有成功。

这是测试点文件 - 请注意，我的程序经常使用 10 倍的此数据...

原文

Users of my program are organized hierarchically. Each user is a node in a tree, and the only other type of node is the department node. Each node has one and only one parent (possibly the root node).

I generated a DOT file to be used by the graphviz suite, but the resulting picture is unusable because it's too wide. I don't know if this program can be tuned to suit my needs, because I have a flat hierarchy with lots of sibling nodes, so maybe I need a program specifically designed for this (or write my own). I tried the unflatten tool, but without success.

This is the test dot file - note that my program often uses 10x this data...

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痴梦一场 2025-01-04 15:19:51

根据您的评论，这里使用除 dot 以外的其他布局算法进行快速测试。既然你说circle，我尝试了circo和twopi。

我必须对测试脚本进行一些细微的更改：

  • 添加一些颜色/形状/样式/字体
  • 样式 user 和 department 节点，以不同方式
  • 在名称和函数之间插入换行符 将长部门名称放在两行中

可能也会有所帮助。

digraph G {
overlap=false;
splines=true;
root="node0";

node[colorscheme=paired12, fontsize=11];
node0 [shape=house, label="Organizzazione", style="filled", fillcolor=3, color="4", fontsize=20, height=2,
 fontname="Times New Roman Bold"];

node[shape=doubleoctagon, style=filled, fillcolor=7, color=8, width=3];
node24 [label="C3 TERREMOTO"];
node28 [label="E POLIZIA URBANA E PROTEZIONE CIVILE"];
node14 [label="D1 SERVIZI SCOLASTICI"];
node35 [label="30: PROTOCOLLO ADMIN "];
node18 [label="B ECONOMICO E FINANZIARIO"];
node22 [label="C ASSETTO E TERRITORIO"];
node41 [label="A9 UFFICIO PUBBLICAZIONI"];
node38 [label="C1 TECNICO"];
node31 [label="A AFFARI GENERALI"];
node12 [label="A4 ANAGRAFE E STATO CIVILE"];
node20 [label="B1 TRIBUTI"];
node16 [label="A5 ELETTORALE E LEVA"];
node40 [label="31: PUBBLICAZIONI ALBO UTENTE "];
node26 [label="C2a TECNICO"];
node9 [label="A3 UFFICIO PROTOCOLLO CENTRALE"];

node[shape=box, style=filled, fillcolor="1", color="2", width=2];
node0 -> node24;
node0 -> node28;
node7 [label="14: ROCCO MARINACCIO\nVISUALIZZATORE"];
node0 -> node7;
node25 [label="27: FRANCESCO MARINO "];
node26 -> node25;
node39 [label="5: CIRO D'EMILIO\nPROTOCOLLATORE"];
node20 -> node39;
node4 [label="15: FRANCESCO PAZIENZA\nVISUALIZZATORE"];
node0 -> node4;
node3 [label="18: ADRIANA NATALE\nVISUALIZZATRICE"];
node0 -> node3;
node42 [label="4: MICHELE ROGATO\nRESP DI REPARTO"];
node18 -> node42;
node29 [label="29: FRANCESCO NOTA "];
node28 -> node29;
node0 -> node14;
node10 [label="12: STEFANO IEFFA "];
node0 -> node10;
node13 [label="20: ANTONIO MARINO "];
node14 -> node13;
node30 [label="3: PATRIZIA PLATANO\nPROTOCOLLATRICE"];
node31 -> node30;
node1 [label="19: PATRIZIA PLATANO "];
node0 -> node1;
node37 [label="6: GIUSEPPE CEGLIA\nRESP. DI REPARTO"];
node38 -> node37;
node0 -> node35;
node0 -> node18;
node23 [label="26: PASQUALE RUSSO "];
node24 -> node23;
node2 [label="17: MICHELE BICCARINO\nVISUALIZZATORE"];
node0 -> node2;
node0 -> node22;
node0 -> node41;
node11 [label="21: GIUSEPPE DI FLUMERI "];
node12 -> node11;
node43 [label="9: ROBERTO CAMPANELLA "];
node0 -> node43;
node0 -> node38;
node0 -> node31;
node0 -> node12;
node0 -> node20;
node17 [label="23: MICHELE IPPOLITO "];
node18 -> node17;
node6 [label="13: ALESSANDRO CAPANO "];
node0 -> node6;
node19 [label="24: SALVATORE DOTO "];
node20 -> node19;
node15 [label="22: BENVENUTA REA "];
node16 -> node15;
node27 [label="28: ANTONIO CAMPANELLA "];
node28 -> node27;
node8 [label="11: PASQUALE PALUMBO "];
node9 -> node8;
node5 [label="16: PAOLO PIETRO TROCCOLA\nVISUALIZZATORE"];
node0 -> node5;
node0 -> node16;
node21 [label="25: RAFFAELA COFANO "];
node22 -> node21;
node41 -> node40;
node32 [label="2: MARIA CRISTINA ANELLI\nVISUALIZZATRICE"];
node0 -> node32;
node0 -> node26;
node33 [label="10: VINCENZO BOTTICELLI "];
node0 -> node33;
node0 -> node9;
node36 [label="7: ANTONIETTA STRAZZELLA\nRESP. DI REPARTO"];
node22 -> node36;
node34 [label="1: AMBROGIO MASCIA\nAmministratore di sistema"];
node9 -> node34;
node44 [label="8: MARIANO LAUDISI\nVISUALIZZATORE"];
node0 -> node44;
}

您可能需要打开图像并以原始尺寸查看它们。

Twopi 布局：

graphviz 输出 - Twopi

Circo 布局：

graphviz 输出 - circo

如果您的部门与部门相互链接，或者一个部门中有很多用户，则 circo 布局可能更合适。

Based on your comment, here's a quick test using other layout algorithms than dot. Since you said circle, I tried with circo and twopi.

I had to make some slight changes to the test script:

  • add some colors/shape/style/font
  • style user and department nodes differently
  • insert a newline between the name and the function of the users

Putting the long department names on two lines would probably help, too.

digraph G {
overlap=false;
splines=true;
root="node0";

node[colorscheme=paired12, fontsize=11];
node0 [shape=house, label="Organizzazione", style="filled", fillcolor=3, color="4", fontsize=20, height=2,
 fontname="Times New Roman Bold"];

node[shape=doubleoctagon, style=filled, fillcolor=7, color=8, width=3];
node24 [label="C3 TERREMOTO"];
node28 [label="E POLIZIA URBANA E PROTEZIONE CIVILE"];
node14 [label="D1 SERVIZI SCOLASTICI"];
node35 [label="30: PROTOCOLLO ADMIN "];
node18 [label="B ECONOMICO E FINANZIARIO"];
node22 [label="C ASSETTO E TERRITORIO"];
node41 [label="A9 UFFICIO PUBBLICAZIONI"];
node38 [label="C1 TECNICO"];
node31 [label="A AFFARI GENERALI"];
node12 [label="A4 ANAGRAFE E STATO CIVILE"];
node20 [label="B1 TRIBUTI"];
node16 [label="A5 ELETTORALE E LEVA"];
node40 [label="31: PUBBLICAZIONI ALBO UTENTE "];
node26 [label="C2a TECNICO"];
node9 [label="A3 UFFICIO PROTOCOLLO CENTRALE"];

node[shape=box, style=filled, fillcolor="1", color="2", width=2];
node0 -> node24;
node0 -> node28;
node7 [label="14: ROCCO MARINACCIO\nVISUALIZZATORE"];
node0 -> node7;
node25 [label="27: FRANCESCO MARINO "];
node26 -> node25;
node39 [label="5: CIRO D'EMILIO\nPROTOCOLLATORE"];
node20 -> node39;
node4 [label="15: FRANCESCO PAZIENZA\nVISUALIZZATORE"];
node0 -> node4;
node3 [label="18: ADRIANA NATALE\nVISUALIZZATRICE"];
node0 -> node3;
node42 [label="4: MICHELE ROGATO\nRESP DI REPARTO"];
node18 -> node42;
node29 [label="29: FRANCESCO NOTA "];
node28 -> node29;
node0 -> node14;
node10 [label="12: STEFANO IEFFA "];
node0 -> node10;
node13 [label="20: ANTONIO MARINO "];
node14 -> node13;
node30 [label="3: PATRIZIA PLATANO\nPROTOCOLLATRICE"];
node31 -> node30;
node1 [label="19: PATRIZIA PLATANO "];
node0 -> node1;
node37 [label="6: GIUSEPPE CEGLIA\nRESP. DI REPARTO"];
node38 -> node37;
node0 -> node35;
node0 -> node18;
node23 [label="26: PASQUALE RUSSO "];
node24 -> node23;
node2 [label="17: MICHELE BICCARINO\nVISUALIZZATORE"];
node0 -> node2;
node0 -> node22;
node0 -> node41;
node11 [label="21: GIUSEPPE DI FLUMERI "];
node12 -> node11;
node43 [label="9: ROBERTO CAMPANELLA "];
node0 -> node43;
node0 -> node38;
node0 -> node31;
node0 -> node12;
node0 -> node20;
node17 [label="23: MICHELE IPPOLITO "];
node18 -> node17;
node6 [label="13: ALESSANDRO CAPANO "];
node0 -> node6;
node19 [label="24: SALVATORE DOTO "];
node20 -> node19;
node15 [label="22: BENVENUTA REA "];
node16 -> node15;
node27 [label="28: ANTONIO CAMPANELLA "];
node28 -> node27;
node8 [label="11: PASQUALE PALUMBO "];
node9 -> node8;
node5 [label="16: PAOLO PIETRO TROCCOLA\nVISUALIZZATORE"];
node0 -> node5;
node0 -> node16;
node21 [label="25: RAFFAELA COFANO "];
node22 -> node21;
node41 -> node40;
node32 [label="2: MARIA CRISTINA ANELLI\nVISUALIZZATRICE"];
node0 -> node32;
node0 -> node26;
node33 [label="10: VINCENZO BOTTICELLI "];
node0 -> node33;
node0 -> node9;
node36 [label="7: ANTONIETTA STRAZZELLA\nRESP. DI REPARTO"];
node22 -> node36;
node34 [label="1: AMBROGIO MASCIA\nAmministratore di sistema"];
node9 -> node34;
node44 [label="8: MARIANO LAUDISI\nVISUALIZZATORE"];
node0 -> node44;
}

You'll probably have to open the images and look at them in the original size.

Twopi layout:

graphviz output - twopi

Circo layout:

graphviz output - circo

The circo layout could probably be more appropriate if you have department linked to departments, or a lot of users in one department.

回复 原文
叫嚣ゝ 2025-01-04 15:19:51

点语言有很多微妙的方法来修改图像，使其更令人赏心悦目。花几分钟浏览一下点指南。您可以对页面的 X/Y 比率、节点的排斥和布局等几乎任何方面设置约束。

graphviz 提供的 contrib 包之一是 GVEdit，它是一个链接到 graphviz 库的 Qt 小应用程序 - 一个编辑图形的窗口，点击“go”，它将渲染到另一个窗口。很棒的即时反馈方法，让事情变得更漂亮。

The dot language has a lot of subtle ways to modify the image to make it more pleasing. Take a few minutes out and skim the dot guide. You can set constraints on pretty much any aspect from the X/Y ratio of the page, the repulsion and layout of nodes.

One of the contrib packages available with graphviz is GVEdit, which is a little Qt app that links to the graphviz libraries - one window to edit graphs, hit 'go' and it'll render to another window. Great instant feedback method of making things pretty.

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