去除 OpenGL 橡皮筋伪影
我正在使用一些 OpenGL 代码进行科学可视化,但在较新的硬件上使其橡皮筋正常工作时遇到问题。该代码在现有场景上绘制一个“缩放窗口”,其中“缩放窗口”的一个角位于存储的左键单击位置,另一个角在鼠标移动时位于鼠标下方。第二次左键单击时,场景会放大到所选窗口。
当鼠标在场景中移动时,我看到的症状是:
- 出现橡皮筋伪影,它们是用于创建“缩放窗口”的线条,没有被第二个“RenderLogic”通道从缓冲区中删除(参见下面的代码
- )可以清楚地看到前一个缓冲区的内容在缓冲区交换时闪烁并消失
上述问题不会发生在低端硬件上,例如我上网本上的集成显卡。另外,我不记得大约 5 年前编写此代码时遇到的问题。
以下是相关代码部分,经过精简以集中于相关 OpenGL:
// Called by every mouse move event
// Makes use of current device context (m_hDC) and rendering context (m_hRC)
void MyViewClass::DrawLogic()
{
BOOL bSwapRv = FALSE;
// Make the rendering context current
if (!wglMakeCurrent(m_hDC, m_hRC))
// ... error handling
// Perform the logic rendering
glLogicOp(GL_XOR);
glEnable(GL_COLOR_LOGIC_OP);
// Draws the rectangle on the buffer using XOR op
RenderLogic();
bSwapRv = ::SwapBuffers(m_hDC);
// Removes the rectangle from the buffer via a second pass
RenderLogic();
glDisable(GL_COLOR_LOGIC_OP);
// Release the rendering context
if (!wglMakeCurrent(NULL, NULL))
// ... error handling
}
void MyViewClass::RenderLogic(void)
{
glLineWidth(1.0f);
glColor3f(0.6f,0.6f,0.6f);
glEnable(GL_LINE_STIPPLE);
glLineStipple(1, 0x0F0F);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
// Uses custom "Point" class with Coords() method returning double*
// Draw rectangle with corners at clicked location and current location
glVertex2dv(m_pntClickLoc.Coords());
glVertex2d(m_pntCurrLoc.X(), m_pntClickLoc.Y());
glVertex2dv(m_pntCurrLoc.Coords());
glVertex2d(m_pntClickLoc.X(), m_pntCurrLoc.Y());
glEnd();
glDisable(GL_LINE_STIPPLE);
}
// Setup code that might be relevant to the buffer configuration
bool MyViewClass::SetupPixelFormat()
{
PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd = {
sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR),
1, // Version number (?)
PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW // Format must support window
| PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL // Format must support OpenGL
| PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER, // Must support double buffering
PFD_TYPE_RGBA, // Request an RGBA format
32, // Select a 32 bit colour depth
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // Colour bits ignored (?)
8, // Alpha buffer bits
0, // Shift bit ignored (?)
0, // No accumulation buffer
0, 0, 0, 0, // Accumulation bits ignored
16, // 16 bit Z-buffer
0, // No stencil buffer
0, // No accumulation buffer (?)
PFD_MAIN_PLANE, // Main drawing layer
0, // Number of overlay and underlay planes
0, 0, 0 // Layer masks ignored (?)
};
PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR chosen_pfd;
memset(&chosen_pfd, 0, sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR));
chosen_pfd.nSize = sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR);
// Find the closest match to the pixel format
m_uPixelFormat = ::ChoosePixelFormat(m_hDC, &pfd);
// Make sure a pixel format could be found
if (!m_uPixelFormat)
return false;
::DescribePixelFormat(m_hDC, m_uPixelFormat, sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), &chosen_pfd);
// Set the pixel format for the view
::SetPixelFormat(m_hDC, m_uPixelFormat, &chosen_pfd);
return true;
}
任何有关如何删除伪影的指示将不胜感激。
@Krom - 下图
I'm working with some OpenGL code for scientific visualization and I'm having issues getting its rubber banding working on newer hardware. The code is drawing a "Zoom Window" over an existing scene with one corner of the "Zoom Window" at the stored left-click location, and the other under the mouse as it is moved. On the second left-click the scene zooms into the selected window.
The symptoms I am seeing as the mouse is moved across the scene are:
- Rubber banding artefacts appearing which are the lines used to create the "Zoom Window" not being removed from the buffer by the second "RenderLogic" pass (see code below)
- I can clearly see the contents of the previous buffer flashing up and disappearing as the buffers are swapped
The above problem doesn't happen on low end hardware such as the integrated graphics on a netbook I have. Also, I can't recall this problem ~5 years ago when this code was written.
Here are the relevant code sections, trimmed down to focus on the relevant OpenGL:
// Called by every mouse move event
// Makes use of current device context (m_hDC) and rendering context (m_hRC)
void MyViewClass::DrawLogic()
{
BOOL bSwapRv = FALSE;
// Make the rendering context current
if (!wglMakeCurrent(m_hDC, m_hRC))
// ... error handling
// Perform the logic rendering
glLogicOp(GL_XOR);
glEnable(GL_COLOR_LOGIC_OP);
// Draws the rectangle on the buffer using XOR op
RenderLogic();
bSwapRv = ::SwapBuffers(m_hDC);
// Removes the rectangle from the buffer via a second pass
RenderLogic();
glDisable(GL_COLOR_LOGIC_OP);
// Release the rendering context
if (!wglMakeCurrent(NULL, NULL))
// ... error handling
}
void MyViewClass::RenderLogic(void)
{
glLineWidth(1.0f);
glColor3f(0.6f,0.6f,0.6f);
glEnable(GL_LINE_STIPPLE);
glLineStipple(1, 0x0F0F);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
// Uses custom "Point" class with Coords() method returning double*
// Draw rectangle with corners at clicked location and current location
glVertex2dv(m_pntClickLoc.Coords());
glVertex2d(m_pntCurrLoc.X(), m_pntClickLoc.Y());
glVertex2dv(m_pntCurrLoc.Coords());
glVertex2d(m_pntClickLoc.X(), m_pntCurrLoc.Y());
glEnd();
glDisable(GL_LINE_STIPPLE);
}
// Setup code that might be relevant to the buffer configuration
bool MyViewClass::SetupPixelFormat()
{
PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd = {
sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR),
1, // Version number (?)
PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW // Format must support window
| PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL // Format must support OpenGL
| PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER, // Must support double buffering
PFD_TYPE_RGBA, // Request an RGBA format
32, // Select a 32 bit colour depth
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // Colour bits ignored (?)
8, // Alpha buffer bits
0, // Shift bit ignored (?)
0, // No accumulation buffer
0, 0, 0, 0, // Accumulation bits ignored
16, // 16 bit Z-buffer
0, // No stencil buffer
0, // No accumulation buffer (?)
PFD_MAIN_PLANE, // Main drawing layer
0, // Number of overlay and underlay planes
0, 0, 0 // Layer masks ignored (?)
};
PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR chosen_pfd;
memset(&chosen_pfd, 0, sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR));
chosen_pfd.nSize = sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR);
// Find the closest match to the pixel format
m_uPixelFormat = ::ChoosePixelFormat(m_hDC, &pfd);
// Make sure a pixel format could be found
if (!m_uPixelFormat)
return false;
::DescribePixelFormat(m_hDC, m_uPixelFormat, sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), &chosen_pfd);
// Set the pixel format for the view
::SetPixelFormat(m_hDC, m_uPixelFormat, &chosen_pfd);
return true;
}
Any pointers on how to remove the artefacts will be much appreciated.
@Krom - image below
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对于 OpenGL,如果有任何变化,重新绘制整个视口是规范的。考虑一下:现代系统以超过 30 FPS 的速度绘制复杂场景的动画。
但我理解,您可能想避免这种情况。因此,通常的方法是在绘制第一个橡皮筋之前首先复制纹理中的前缓冲区。然后,对于每个橡皮筋,通过绘制带有纹理的帧缓冲区填充四边形来重新绘制“重置”图像。
With OpenGL it's canonical to redraw the whole viewport if just anything changes. Consider this: Modern system draw animates complex scenes at well over 30 FPS.
But I understand, that you may want to avoid this. So the usual approach is to first copy the frontbuffer in a texture, before drawing the first rubberband. Then for each rubberband redraw "reset" the image by drawing a framebuffer filling quad with the texture.
我知道我正在发布一年半前的问题,但以防万一其他人遇到这个问题。
我自己也遇到过这种情况,因为您试图从错误的缓冲区中删除行。例如,您在缓冲区 A 调用 swapBuffer 上绘制矩形,然后尝试从缓冲区 B 中删除该矩形。您想要做的是在为缓冲区 A 绘制一个矩形和为缓冲区 B 绘制一个时跟踪 2 个“缩放窗口”矩形缓冲区 B,然后跟踪哪一个是最新的。
I know I'm posting to a year and half old question but in case anyone else comes across this.
I've had this happen to me myself is because you are trying to remove the lines off of the wrong buffer. For example you draw your rectangle on buffer A call swapBuffer and then try to remove the rectangle off of buffer B. What you would want to do is keep track of 2 "zoom window" rectangles while your doing the drawing one for buffer A and one for buffer B and then keep track of which one is the most recent.
如果您使用的是 Vista/7 和 Aero,请尝试切换到经典主题。
If you're using Vista/7 and Aero, try switching to the Classic theme.