使用 Google 地图在 R 中进行批量地理编码返回“无结果”；对于许多查询

Question

目标：使用 R，通过 Google 地图获取地址向量的纬度/经度数据。 方法：我从 Tony Breyal 的优秀代码开始：Geocoding in R with Google Maps< /a> 并稍微修改它以适合我自己的目的（我需要该函数返回一个 SpatialPoints 对象，其中包含所有地址和定义的投影字符串）。

所以我们有：

   library(RCurl)
   library(RJSONIO)
   library(maptools)

   #unchanged from Breyal's code
   construct.geocode.url <- function(address, return.call = "json", sensor = "false") {
     root <- "http://maps.google.com/maps/api/geocode/"
     u <- paste(root, return.call, "?address=", address, "&sensor=", sensor, sep = "")
     return(URLencode(u))
   }

  #obviously this would be better vectorized, but I left it in this form to help me
  #understand where the errors were coming from
  batchGeoCode <- function(address.list) {
    lat<-vector(mode="numeric",length=length(address.list))
    lng<-vector(mode="numeric",length=length(address.list))

    for(i in 1:length(address.list)){
      address<-address.list[i]
      u <- construct.geocode.url(address)
      doc <- getURL(u)
      x <- fromJSON(doc,simplify = FALSE)

      #I put the try in here just so I could see if it was always getting
      #hung on the same address or the same special character or the like
      errtest<-try(x$results[[1]]$geometry$location$lat)
      if(is(errtest, 'try-error')){
        lat[i]=0
        lng[i]=0
      }else{
        lat[i] <- x$results[[1]]$geometry$location$lat
        lng[i] <- x$results[[1]]$geometry$location$lng
      }
    }
    points.df<-data.frame(lat,lng)
    coordinates(points.df)=~lng+lat 
    points.sp<-SpatialPoints(coords=points.df,
      proj4string=CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84"))
    return(points.sp)
   }

   #some sample data that is enough to cause a fail for me--groceries and mini marts in 
   #South Seattle. All of these return a valid address when entered individually in 
   #Google Maps
   address.list<-c("T W YOUNG MARKET 7144 BEACON AVE S SEATTLE WA 98108",                       
    "RAINIER MARKET CTR 3625 1ST AVE S SEATTLE WA 98134",                        
    "JING JING ASIAN MARKET 12402 SE 38TH ST BELLEVUE WA 98006",                 
    "HILAL MARKET PLACE 15061 MILITARY RD S SEATAC WA 98188",                    
    "GUADALUPE MARKET 1111 SW 128TH ST BURIEN WA 98146",                         
    "JAMAL MARKET 14645 TUKWILA INTERNATIONAL BL TUKWILA WA 98168",              
    "C & D INTL MARKET  SEATTLE WA 98198",                                       
    "GUERRERO MARKET 17730 AMBAUM BLVD S # B SEATTLE WA 98148",                  
    "MI CASA MARKET 17174 116TH AVE SE RENTON WA 98058",                         
    "GUERRERO MARKET 17730 AMBAUM BLVD S # B SEATTLE WA 98148",                  
    "MI CASA MARKET 17174 116TH AVE SE RENTON WA 98058",                         
    "BILISEE MARKET 8300 RAINIER AVE S SEATTLE WA 98118",                        
    "ALI SEATAC INTL MARKET 16324 INTERNATIONAL BLVD SEATAC WA 98188",           
    "OCEAN MARKET 2119 RAINIER AVE S SEATTLE WA 98144",                          
    "RED APPLE MARKETS 9627 DES MOINES MEMORIAL DR SEATTLE WA 98108",            
    "ANKGOR MARKET 9660 16TH AVE SW SEATTLE WA 98106",                           
    "SIXTEENTH AVENUE GROCERY 9001 16TH AVE SW SEATTLE WA 98106",                
    "RAINIER ORIENTAL MARKET 9237 RAINIER AVE S SEATTLE WA 98118",               
    "CLEAN MACHINE LAUNDRYMAT  SEATTLE WA 98118",                                
    "HALIN GROCERY & DELI  SEATTLE WA 98118")    

   #call the function
   result<-batchGeoCode(address.list)

对于简短的列表，这是可行的，但当列表超过 15 个时，我开始收到“无结果”的回复。我很确定这是一个节流问题（例如 减慢对一批地理编码地址），但不太清楚如何在 R 中实现它，因此它适合此功能的特定需求。

提前致谢，

克里斯

Answer 1

一种方法是使用 ggmap。

library(ggmap)

address.list<-c("T W YOUNG MARKET 7144 BEACON AVE S SEATTLE WA 98108",                       
            "RAINIER MARKET CTR 3625 1ST AVE S SEATTLE WA 98134",                        
            "JING JING ASIAN MARKET 12402 SE 38TH ST BELLEVUE WA 98006",                 
            "HILAL MARKET PLACE 15061 MILITARY RD S SEATAC WA 98188",                    
            "GUADALUPE MARKET 1111 SW 128TH ST BURIEN WA 98146",                         
            "JAMAL MARKET 14645 TUKWILA INTERNATIONAL BL TUKWILA WA 98168",              
            "C & D INTL MARKET  SEATTLE WA 98198",                                       
            "GUERRERO MARKET 17730 AMBAUM BLVD S # B SEATTLE WA 98148",                  
            "MI CASA MARKET 17174 116TH AVE SE RENTON WA 98058",                         
            "GUERRERO MARKET 17730 AMBAUM BLVD S # B SEATTLE WA 98148",                  
            "MI CASA MARKET 17174 116TH AVE SE RENTON WA 98058",                         
            "BILISEE MARKET 8300 RAINIER AVE S SEATTLE WA 98118",                        
            "ALI SEATAC INTL MARKET 16324 INTERNATIONAL BLVD SEATAC WA 98188",           
            "OCEAN MARKET 2119 RAINIER AVE S SEATTLE WA 98144",                          
            "RED APPLE MARKETS 9627 DES MOINES MEMORIAL DR SEATTLE WA 98108",            
            "ANKGOR MARKET 9660 16TH AVE SW SEATTLE WA 98106",                           
            "SIXTEENTH AVENUE GROCERY 9001 16TH AVE SW SEATTLE WA 98106",                
            "RAINIER ORIENTAL MARKET 9237 RAINIER AVE S SEATTLE WA 98118",               
            "CLEAN MACHINE LAUNDRYMAT  SEATTLE WA 98118",                                
            "HALIN GROCERY & DELI  SEATTLE WA 98118")

geocode(address.list, output="latlona")