RTOS 相对于单个顺序程序的优点
与单个顺序程序相比，支持 RTOS 的多任务程序有哪些优点？
有什么缺点吗？
What are the advantages of having a multi-tasking program with RTOS support rather than a single sequential program?
Are there any disadvantages?
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在顺序或“大循环”程序中，除了中断处理之外，事件是在程序“开始处理它”时处理的，循环时间可能是不确定的，并且可能会随着功能的添加、删除和更改而变化。因此，系统的性能和响应能力取决于您对代码所做的每项更改，并且满足时间期限的行为和能力可能会受到与最终失败的功能无关的更改的影响。
通过使用基于抢占优先级的调度，RTOS 可以确定性地响应事件，因此一个任务的处理时间的变化不会影响其他更高优先级的任务。
除了确定性响应之外，将功能分离为执行线程的能力使每个线程更简单且相互依赖性更少。您拥有许多独立的专业循环，而不是用一个“大循环”来处理所有事情，这些循环更容易测试和开发，并且更容易添加、删除和重用以更改系统的行为和功能。
In a sequential or "big-loop" program, other than interrupt handling, events are processed when the program "gets around to it", the cycle time may be non-deterministic and may vary as functions are added, removed and changed. So the performance and responsiveness of your system is dependent upon every change you make to the code, and the behaviour and ability to meet timing deadlines can be affected by changes unrelated to the function that ultimately fails.
By using pre-emptive priority based scheduling an RTOS can respond deterministically to events so changes in processing time of one task need not affect other tasks of higher priority.
Beyond the deterministic response, the ability to separate functionality into threads of execution, makes each of these threads simpler and less co-dependent. Instead of one "big loop" handling everything, you have many independent specialist loops that are easier to test and develop and easier to add, remove and re-use to change the behaviour and functionality of your system.
实时操作系统的主要目标是为内核级操作提供有限的响应时间和具体的实时调度策略。它与顺序编程和并行编程完全无关。
这些操作系统用于具有硬实时要求的嵌入式系统，您不应该关心它们用于其他目的。
Real time operating systems main objectives are to provide bounded responses times for kernel level operations and specifics real time scheduling policies. It doesn't relate at all to sequential vs parallel programing.
These OS are used in embedded systems with hard real time requirements and you shouldn't care about them for other purposes.