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如何在 Evince 中以 Org 模式打开 PDF 文件？

发布于 2024-12-26 13:07:57 字数 203 浏览 1 评论 0原文

在组织模式下，当我尝试打开 PDF 文件的链接时，没有任何反应。另外，当我执行Cc Ce d导出为LaTeX并处理为PDF并打开时，会生成PDF但未打开。如何在 Evince 中以 Org 模式打开 PDF 文件？

我在 GNU Emacs 23.3.1 中使用 Org-mode 7.6，在 Ubuntu 11.10 中使用 Evince 3.2.1。

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浮世清欢 2025-01-02 13:07:57

M-x customize-variable [RET] org-file-apps [RET]

如果 org 使用您的系统默认值，您必须编辑 ./mailcap 文件。

尝试添加这一行：

application/pdf; /usr/bin/evince %s

M-x customize-variable [RET] org-file-apps [RET]

If org uses your system defaults, you have to edit your ./mailcap file.

Try adding this line:

application/pdf; /usr/bin/evince %s

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一个人练习一个人 2025-01-02 13:07:57

另一种可能的结构是使用eval-after-load而不是add-hook。它只会在启动时设置一次值，您不必担心是否添加条目（除非您定期重新加载组织）。

将其与 setcdr 结合使用，您可以避免从列表中删除然后重新添加，添加 if 即可确保添加或更改值。仅当默认情况下不在列表中的值才需要 if ，只是为了确保最终不会在某处发生冲突。

(eval-after-load "org"
  '(progn
     ;; .txt files aren't in the list initially, but in case that changes
     ;; in a future version of org, use if to avoid errors
     (if (assoc "\\.txt\\'" org-file-apps)
         (setcdr (assoc "\\.txt\\'" org-file-apps) "notepad.exe %s")
       (add-to-list 'org-file-apps '("\\.txt\\'" . "notepad.exe %s") t))
     ;; Change .pdf association directly within the alist
     (setcdr (assoc "\\.pdf\\'" org-file-apps) "evince %s")))

编辑以澄清

eval-after-load 仅在调用 (require 'org) 时评估该块。如果 org 已经加载，它将立即评估（我错误地认为它在每次加载库时运行，但这似乎只是第一次）。 add-hook 和 eval-after-load 之间的区别解释如下此处。

由于 org-file-apps 是一个 defcustom 如果您在加载 org 之前设置这些值，如果您从头开始构建列表（包括默认值），则它不会更改这些值就像在你的第二个（丑陋的）解决方案中一样）你可以简单地在 init.el 中 setq ，一切都会正常。这也意味着它不会覆盖您的更改。

将 (if (assoc) 添加到 PDF 条目不会造成任何损害，它只会确保如果从默认的 org-file-apps 中删除 PDF，它会如果 PDF 被删除，唯一不会失败的解决方案是您的第二个解决方案，其他方案都假设该条目以一种或另一种形式存在。

Another possible construct that could work for this would be to use eval-after-load rather than add-hook. It will only set the values once on startup, you won't have to worry about entries being added or not (unless you regularly reload org).

Combine that with setcdr and you can avoid having to delete from the list and then re-add, add if and you'll ensure that you either add or change the value. The if is only needed for values that aren't in the list by default, just to make sure you don't end up with conflicts somewhere down the line.

(eval-after-load "org"
  '(progn
     ;; .txt files aren't in the list initially, but in case that changes
     ;; in a future version of org, use if to avoid errors
     (if (assoc "\\.txt\\'" org-file-apps)
         (setcdr (assoc "\\.txt\\'" org-file-apps) "notepad.exe %s")
       (add-to-list 'org-file-apps '("\\.txt\\'" . "notepad.exe %s") t))
     ;; Change .pdf association directly within the alist
     (setcdr (assoc "\\.pdf\\'" org-file-apps) "evince %s")))

Edit for clarification

eval-after-load only evaluates the block when (require 'org) is called. If org is already loaded it will evaluate immediately (I mistakenly thought it ran each time a library was loaded, but it seems to be only the first time). The difference between add-hook and eval-after-load is explained here.

Since org-file-apps is a defcustom it won't change the values if you set them before org is loaded, if you build the list from scratch (including default values as in your second (uglier) solution) you could simply setq in your init.el and everything would work. It also means it won't overwrite your changes.

Adding (if (assoc to the PDF entry won't hurt anything, it will simply ensure that if PDFs are ever removed from the default org-file-apps that it will still be added. The only solution that would not fail if PDFs were removed is your second one. The others all assume the entry exists in one form or another.

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远昼 2025-01-02 13:07:57

您可以使用类似于 https://stackoverflow.com/a/3985552/789593 的构造，但将其调整为 PDF 文件和艾文斯。您想要做的是更改列表org-file-apps。这可以通过将以下内容添加到 .emacs 中来完成：

;; PDFs visited in Org-mode are opened in Evince (and not in the default choice) https://stackoverflow.com/a/8836108/789593
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
      '(lambda ()
         (delete '("\\.pdf\\'" . default) org-file-apps)
         (add-to-list 'org-file-apps '("\\.pdf\\'" . "evince %s"))))

这将删除 PDF 文件的默认设置，并在 Evince 中打开它们（并保留 org-file-apps 中包含的其他所有内容）。我是 elisp 的新手，所以我不知道这个解决方案是否强大，但它对我有用，并且似乎比下面的更优雅。

另一种似乎更丑陋的选择是查找默认值并设置所有这些值，但更改 PDF 文件的值：

;; PDFs visited in Org-mode are opened in Evince (and other file extensions are handled according to the defaults)
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
      '(lambda ()
         (setq org-file-apps
           '((auto-mode . emacs)
             ("\\.mm\\'" . default)
             ("\\.x?html?\\'" . default)
             ("\\.pdf\\'" . "evince %s")))))

You can use a construct similar to https://stackoverflow.com/a/3985552/789593 but adapt it to PDF files and Evince. What you want to do is to alter the list org-file-apps. This can be done by adding the following to your .emacs:

;; PDFs visited in Org-mode are opened in Evince (and not in the default choice) https://stackoverflow.com/a/8836108/789593
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
      '(lambda ()
         (delete '("\\.pdf\\'" . default) org-file-apps)
         (add-to-list 'org-file-apps '("\\.pdf\\'" . "evince %s"))))

This will delete the default setting for PDF files and instead open them in Evince (and retain everything else included in org-file-apps). I am new to elisp so I do not know if this solution is robust, but it works for me and seems to be more elegant than the one below.

Another option, which seems uglier, is to instead look up the default values and set them all that but change the value for PDF files:

;; PDFs visited in Org-mode are opened in Evince (and other file extensions are handled according to the defaults)
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
      '(lambda ()
         (setq org-file-apps
           '((auto-mode . emacs)
             ("\\.mm\\'" . default)
             ("\\.x?html?\\'" . default)
             ("\\.pdf\\'" . "evince %s")))))

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