Writer Monad 是否保证正确的关联连接？

Question

Haskell 中的验证声称使用 Writer 可以保证正确 -关联串联。然而，这个例子似乎表明情况并非如此。正确答案是什么？

{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}

import Control.Monad.Writer
import Data.String

data TM = TMempty
        | TMappend TM TM
        | TMfromString String

instance IsString TM where
  fromString = TMfromString

instance Monoid TM where
  mempty  = TMempty
  mappend = TMappend

instance Show TM where
  showsPrec d TMempty = showString "\"\""
  showsPrec d (TMfromString s) = showString $ show s
  showsPrec d (TMappend a b) = showParen (d > 0) $
    showsPrec 1 a .
    showString " ++ " .
    showsPrec 0 b

theWriter :: Writer TM ()
theWriter = do
  tell "Hello"
  replicateM_ 2 $ tell "World"
  tell "!"

main = print $ execWriter theWriter

生产：

"Hello" ++ ("World" ++ "World" ++ "") ++ "!"

Answer 1

是的，这确实是不真实的。来自源代码 ：

m >>= k  = WriterT $ do
    ~(a, w)  <- runWriterT m
    ~(b, w') <- runWriterT (k a)
    return (b, w `mappend` w')

...

-- | @'tell' w@ is an action that produces the output @w@.
tell :: (Monoid w, Monad m) => w -> WriterT w m ()
tell w = WriterT $ return ((), w)

因此 mappend 链将镜像 (>>=) 链。

Answer 2

Writer [a] 不保证右关联连接，但您可以使用 Writer (Endo [a]) 获得有保证的右关联连接。