如何打破依赖以启用单元测试

Question

我花了很多时间思考单元测试。我至少购买了有效使用旧代码作为电子书。其中大部分都是有道理的，这似乎是一本关于对旧代码进行单元测试的好书。但我仍然认为我需要一个起点，因为我们的 Attracs 项目很大。另请参阅我关于单元测试的一般问题。

该应用程序有一个 UML 模型来定义类、属性和关系，并使用 Delphi 的 Bold。每次模型更改后，我们都会进行一次往返。这会自动生成文件businessclasses.pas和BusinessClasses_Interface.inc中方法的声明。如果更改需要更改数据库，还会生成 SQL 脚本。这多年来一直运作良好，但我们从未使用过任何单元测试。

所以我添加了一个新的测试项目，然后依赖关系造成了麻烦。 我得到了

[DCC 错误] Attracs_Interface_Uses.inc(10): F1026 未找到文件：“MsxSupport.dcu”

所以总结一下错误

AttracsTest.dpr 使用
使用的 BusinessClasses.pas
使用 BusinessClasses_Interface.inc
Attracs_Interface_Uses.inc

那么如何打破依赖链？

请注意，实际上文件要大得多。模型中有超过 300 个类，businessClasses.pas 有超过 53000 行代码...... 作为测试用例，我只有带有 AddResponsibility 方法的 TPerson 类。但你应该明白其中的原理。

这是我的文件：

AttracsTest.dpr

program AttracsTests;
{$IFDEF CONSOLE_TESTRUNNER}
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
{$ENDIF}
uses
  Forms,
  TestFramework,
  GUITestRunner,
  TextTestRunner,
  BusinessClasses in '..\..\server\code\BusinessClasses.pas',
  TestBusinessClasses in 'TestBusinessClasses.pas',
  ArrayOfObject in '..\..\server\code\ArrayOfObject.pas';

{$R *.RES}

begin
  Application.Initialize;
  if IsConsole then
    TextTestRunner.RunRegisteredTests
  else
    GUITestRunner.RunRegisteredTests;
end.  

TestBusinessClasses.pas

unit TestBusinessClasses;

interface

uses
  TestFramework,
  ArrayOfObject,
  AttracsAttributes,
  AttracsDefs,
  atXMLObjModel,
  BoldAttributes
  BoldDBInterfaces,
  BoldDefs,
  BoldDeriver,
  BoldDomainElement,
  BoldElements,
  BoldSubscription,
  BoldSystem,
  BoldSystemRT,
  BusinessClasses,   // Trigger the dependency, but also contain info about the classes get and set methods for attributes.  
  Classes,
  Contnrs,
  SysUtils,
  XMLIntf,
  XMLObjModel,
  XMLParser;

type
  TestTPerson = class(TTestCase)
  strict private
    FPerson: TPerson;
  public
    procedure SetUp; override;
    procedure TearDown; override;
  published
    procedure TestAddResponsibility;
  end;

implementation

procedure TestTPerson.SetUp;
begin
  FPerson := TPerson.Create;
end;

procedure TestTPerson.TearDown;
begin
  FPerson.Free;
  FPerson := nil;
end;

procedure TestTPerson.TestAddResponsibility;
var
  ReturnValue: Boolean;
  aSession: TLogonSession;
  aDevType: TDevTypeDef;
  aMarketArea: TMarketArea;
begin
  // TODO: Setup method call parameters
  ReturnValue := FPerson.AddResponsibility(aMarketArea, aDevType, aSession);
  // TODO: Validate method results
end;

initialization
  // Register any test cases with the test runner
  RegisterTest(TestTPerson.Suite);
end.

Attracs_Interface_Uses

AttracsDefs,
atXMLObjModel,
XMLObjModel,
XMLParser,
Contnrs,
XMLIntf,
ArrayOfObject,
BoldDBInterfaces,
MsxSupport         // Line that compiler complain about

BusinessClasses_Interface.inc

(*****************************************)
(*      This file is autogenerated       *)
(*   Any manual changes will be LOST!    *)
(*****************************************)

{$IFNDEF BusinessClasses_Interface.inc}
{$DEFINE BusinessClasses_Interface.inc}

{$IFNDEF BusinessClasses_unitheader}
unit BusinessClasses;
{$ENDIF}

{$INCLUDE Attracs.inc} //PATCH

interface

uses
  // interface uses
  {$INCLUDE Attracs_Interface_Uses.inc} ,
  // interface dependencies
  // attribute classes
  AttracsAttributes,
  BoldAttributes,
  // other
  Classes,
  SysUtils,
  BoldDefs,
  BoldSubscription,
  BoldDeriver,
  BoldElements,
  BoldDomainElement,
  BoldSystemRT,
  BoldSystem;

type
  { forward declarations of all classes }
  TPerson = class;

  TPerson = class(TAmStateObject)
  public
    function AddResponsibility(aMarketArea: TMarketArea; aDevType: TDevTypeDef; aSession: TLogonSession): Boolean; 
  end;

function GeneratedCodeCRC: String;

implementation

uses
  // implementation uses
  {$INCLUDE Attracs_Implementation_Uses.inc} ,
  // implementation dependencies
  // other
  BoldGeneratedCodeDictionary;

{$ENDIF}

Businessclasses.pas< /strong>

    (*****************************************)
    (*      This file is autogenerated       *)
    (*   Any manual changes will be LOST!    *)
    (*****************************************)

    unit BusinessClasses;

    {$DEFINE BusinessClasses_unitheader}
    {$INCLUDE BusinessClasses_Interface.inc}

    { Includefile for methodimplementations 
      Have concrete implementation of methods}
    {$INCLUDE Person.inc}

    // Some get and set methods fopr attributes in the class

    // attribute FirstName
    function TPerson._Get_M_FirstName: TBAString;
    begin
      assert(ValidateMember('TPerson', 'FirstName', 14, TBAString));
      Result := TBAString(BoldMembers[14]);
    end;

    function TPerson._GetFirstName: String;
    begin
      Result := M_FirstName.AsString;
    end;

    procedure TPerson._SetFirstName(const NewValue: String);
    begin
      M_FirstName.AsString := NewValue;
    end;

    procedure InstallBusinessClasses(BoldObjectClasses: TBoldGeneratedClassList);
    begin
      BoldObjectClasses.AddObjectEntry('Person', TPerson);
    end;

    var
      CodeDescriptor: TBoldGeneratedCodeDescriptor;

    initialization
      CodeDescriptor := GeneratedCodes.AddGeneratedCodeDescriptorWithFunc('BusinessClasses', InstallBusinessClasses, InstallObjectListClasses, GeneratedCodeCRC);
    finalization
      GeneratedCodes.Remove(CodeDescriptor);
    end.

person.inc

function TPerson.AddResponsibility(aMarketArea: TMarketArea; aDevType: TDevTypeDef; aSession: TLogonSession): Boolean;
var
  vOCL: String;
  vDevResponse: TDevResponsible;
begin
  vOCL := Format('DevResponsible.allinstances->select((devType.TypeName = ''%s'') and (marketArea.name = ''%s''))->first',
                         [aDevType.TypeName, aMarketArea.name]);
  vDevResponse := GetApplicationKernel.EvaluateExpressionAsDirectElement(vOCL) as TDevResponsible;

  if not Assigned(vDevResponse) then
    vDevResponse := GetApplicationKernel.CreateAMObject('DevResponsible') as TDevResponsible;

  if Assigned(vDevResponse) then
  begin
    vDevResponse.marketArea := aMarketArea;
    vDevResponse.devType := aDevType;
    vDevResponse.responsiblePers := self;
    NotifyModificationHistory(Now, aSession, Format('Responsible for %s marketarea: %s', [aDevType.TypeName, aMarketArea.Name]));
    Result := True;
  end
  else
    Result := False;
end;

Answer 1

我会做的事情：

• 对项目进行分支，以便所有更改都可以在安全的“沙箱”
• 运行中完成 cnWizards 使用 Cleaner（或类似的工具）来清理单元依赖项
• 将所有必需的单元添加到测试项目 dpr 以记录它们，除了库路径上的第三方库之外，它们是众所周知的依赖项，
• 根据可用资源制定计划：搜索意外的依赖项（用于更深入的分析）或容易实现的依赖项（可以无风险地删除）。使用限制性构建脚本进行持续集成，该脚本仅指定所需第三方库的库路径，这可以提供很大帮助（每当开发人员引入新的依赖项时，构建就会中断）
• 时不时地将“安全”更改合并回主干并启动新的使用最新主干版本进行迭代