使用 XPath 开头或包含的函数来搜索 Windows 事件日志

Question

通过在 Windows 事件查看器中手动编辑 XML 过滤器查询，我可以找到数据与字符串完全匹配的事件：

<QueryList>
  <Query Id="0" Path="Application">
    <Select Path="Application">*[EventData[Data and (Data="Session end: imzcjflrrsq1sfdk3okc4jpf")]]</Select>
  </Query>
</QueryList>

现在，我想做部分匹配：

<QueryList>
  <Query Id="0" Path="Application">
    <Select Path="Application">*[EventData[Data and (Data[starts-with(.,"Session")])]]</Select>
  </Query>
</QueryList>

事件日志给出错误：

指定的查询无效

我的语法是否错误？

Answer 1

Windows 事件日志支持 XPath 1.0 的子集。它只有三个函数：position、Band、timediff。

参考：https://learn.microsoft .com/en-us/windows/desktop/WES/consuming-events#xpath-10-limitations

Answer 2

如果您不介意两次传递，则始终可以使用 powershell 脚本重新过滤数据，因为其-where 运算符支持 -like、-match 和 -contains：

nv.ps1

$Query = @"
  <QueryList>
    <Query Id="0" Path="System">
      <Select Path="System">
        *[System[(EventID=20001)]]
      </Select>
    </Query>
  </QueryList>
"@

$events = Get-WinEvent -FilterXml $Query
ForEach ($Event in $Events) {
    # Convert the event to XML
    $eventXML = [xml]$Event.ToXml()
    Add-Member -InputObject $Event -MemberType NoteProperty -Force -Name  DriverVersion -Value $eventXML.Event.UserData.InstallDeviceID.DriverVersion
    Add-Member -InputObject $Event -MemberType NoteProperty -Force -Name  DriverDescription -Value $eventXML.Event.UserData.InstallDeviceID.DriverDescription
    Add-Member -InputObject $Event -MemberType NoteProperty -Force -Name  Data -Value $eventXML.Event.EventData.Data
}
$Events | Select TimeCreated, Id, DriverDescription, DriverVersion, ProviderName, @{Name="MessageData";Expression={$_.Message + $_.Data}} | Where {$_.DriverDescription -match "NVIDIA GeForce GTX*"} | Out-GridView
pause

用于启动它的 cmd （nv.cmd）：

powershell.exe -executionpolicy bypass "& '.\nv.ps1'"

Answer 3

一个快速的 powershell，用于在数据中搜索会话*。即使数据是一个数组，这也应该有效。

get-winevent application | where { $xml = [xml]$_.toxml() 
  $xml.event.eventdata.data -like 'session*' } | select -first 3


   ProviderName: Microsoft-Windows-Winlogon

TimeCreated                     Id LevelDisplayName Message
-----------                     -- ---------------- -------
2/22/2020 11:05:30 AM         6000 Information      The winlogon notification subscriber <SessionEnv> was unavailable to handle a notification event.
2/22/2020 11:05:30 AM         6003 Information      The winlogon notification subscriber <SessionEnv> was unavailable to handle a critical notification event.
2/21/2020 6:28:38 PM          6000 Information      The winlogon notification subscriber <SessionEnv> was unavailable to handle a notification event.


$xml.event.eventdata.data # the last one

SessionEnv

如果不需要精度，则在数据字段经常出现的消息上进行匹配会更容易。

get-winevent application | where message -match session