Shell / Makefile 链接器

Question

我已经下载了 makefile，并在 xcode 中使用 C/C++ 代码运行它。

它可以工作并输出信息（在控制台模式下），但是当我在做应用程序（使用 GUI）时，它说：

**make: avr-gcc: No such file or directory

make: *** [main.o] Error 1**

我像这样运行它：

snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "make -C \"%s/System/\" flash", path); 

等等。但是编译器不会生成/导出 (.o ) 文件，因此链接器无法找到它们。

makefile 是：

#########  AVR Project Makefile Template   #########
######                                        ######
######    Copyright (C) 2003-2005,Pat Deegan, ######
######            Psychogenic Inc             ######
######          All Rights Reserved           ######
######                                        ######
###### You are free to use this code as part  ######
###### of your own applications provided      ######
###### you keep this copyright notice intact  ######
###### and acknowledge its authorship with    ######
###### the words:                             ######
######                                        ######
###### "Contains software by Pat Deegan of    ######
###### Psychogenic Inc (www.psychogenic.com)" ######
######                                        ######
###### If you use it as part of a web site    ######
###### please include a link to our site,     ######
###### http://electrons.psychogenic.com  or   ######
###### http://www.psychogenic.com             ######
######                                        ######
####################################################


##### This Makefile will make compiling Atmel AVR 
##### micro controller projects simple with Linux 
##### or other Unix workstations and the AVR-GCC 
##### tools.
#####
##### It supports C, C++ and Assembly source files.
#####
##### Customize the values as indicated below and :
##### make
##### make disasm 
##### make stats 
##### make hex
##### make writeflash
##### make gdbinit
##### or make clean
#####
##### See the http://electrons.psychogenic.com/ 
##### website for detailed instructions


####################################################
#####                                          #####
#####              Configuration               #####
#####                                          #####
##### Customize the values in this section for #####
##### your project. MCU, PROJECTNAME and       #####
##### PRJSRC must be setup for all projects,   #####
##### the remaining variables are only         #####
##### relevant to those needing additional     #####
##### include dirs or libraries and those      #####
##### who wish to use the avrdude programmer   #####
#####                                          #####
##### See http://electrons.psychogenic.com/    #####
##### for further details.                     #####
#####                                          #####
####################################################


#####         Target Specific Details          #####
#####     Customize these for your project     #####

# Name of target controller 
# (e.g. 'at90s8515', see the available avr-gcc mmcu 
# options for possible values)
MCU=atmega8

# id to use with programmer
# default: PROGRAMMER_MCU=$(MCU)
# In case the programer used, e.g avrdude, doesn't
# accept the same MCU name as avr-gcc (for example
# for ATmega8s, avr-gcc expects 'atmega8' and 
# avrdude requires 'm8')
PROGRAMMER_MCU=m8

# Name of our project
# (use a single word, e.g. 'myproject')
PROJECTNAME=myproject

# Source files
# List C/C++/Assembly source files:
# (list all files to compile, e.g. 'a.c b.cpp as.S'):
# Use .cc, .cpp or .C suffix for C++ files, use .S 
# (NOT .s !!!) for assembly source code files.
PRJSRC=main.c myclass.cpp lowlevelstuff.S

# additional includes (e.g. -I/path/to/mydir)
INC=-I/path/to/include

# libraries to link in (e.g. -lmylib)
LIBS=

# Optimization level, 
# use s (size opt), 1, 2, 3 or 0 (off)
OPTLEVEL=s


#####      AVR Dude 'writeflash' options       #####
#####  If you are using the avrdude program
#####  (http://www.bsdhome.com/avrdude/) to write
#####  to the MCU, you can set the following config
#####  options and use 'make writeflash' to program
#####  the device.


# programmer id--check the avrdude for complete list
# of available opts.  These should include stk500,
# avr910, avrisp, bsd, pony and more.  Set this to
# one of the valid "-c PROGRAMMER-ID" values 
# described in the avrdude info page.
# 
AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMERID=stk500

# port--serial or parallel port to which your 
# hardware programmer is attached
#
AVRDUDE_PORT=/dev/ttyS1


####################################################
#####                Config Done               #####
#####                                          #####
##### You shouldn't need to edit anything      #####
##### below to use the makefile but may wish   #####
##### to override a few of the flags           #####
##### nonetheless                              #####
#####                                          #####
####################################################


##### Flags ####

# HEXFORMAT -- format for .hex file output
HEXFORMAT=ihex

# compiler
CFLAGS=-I. $(INC) -g -mmcu=$(MCU) -O$(OPTLEVEL) \
    -fpack-struct -fshort-enums             \
    -funsigned-bitfields -funsigned-char    \
    -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes               \
    -Wa,-ahlms=$(firstword                  \
    $(filter %.lst, $(<:.c=.lst)))

# c++ specific flags
CPPFLAGS=-fno-exceptions               \
    -Wa,-ahlms=$(firstword         \
    $(filter %.lst, $(<:.cpp=.lst))\
    $(filter %.lst, $(<:.cc=.lst)) \
    $(filter %.lst, $(<:.C=.lst)))

# assembler
ASMFLAGS =-I. $(INC) -mmcu=$(MCU)        \
    -x assembler-with-cpp            \
    -Wa,-gstabs,-ahlms=$(firstword   \
        $(<:.S=.lst) $(<.s=.lst))


# linker
LDFLAGS=-Wl,-Map,$(TRG).map -mmcu=$(MCU) \
    -lm $(LIBS)

##### executables ####
CC=avr-gcc
OBJCOPY=avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP=avr-objdump
SIZE=avr-size
AVRDUDE=avrdude
REMOVE=rm -f

##### automatic target names ####
TRG=$(PROJECTNAME).out
DUMPTRG=$(PROJECTNAME).s

HEXROMTRG=$(PROJECTNAME).hex 
HEXTRG=$(HEXROMTRG) $(PROJECTNAME).ee.hex
GDBINITFILE=gdbinit-$(PROJECTNAME)

# Define all object files.

# Start by splitting source files by type
#  C++
CPPFILES=$(filter %.cpp, $(PRJSRC))
CCFILES=$(filter %.cc, $(PRJSRC))
BIGCFILES=$(filter %.C, $(PRJSRC))
#  C
CFILES=$(filter %.c, $(PRJSRC))
#  Assembly
ASMFILES=$(filter %.S, $(PRJSRC))


# List all object files we need to create
OBJDEPS=$(CFILES:.c=.o)    \
    $(CPPFILES:.cpp=.o)\
    $(BIGCFILES:.C=.o) \
    $(CCFILES:.cc=.o)  \
    $(ASMFILES:.S=.o)

# Define all lst files.
LST=$(filter %.lst, $(OBJDEPS:.o=.lst))

# All the possible generated assembly 
# files (.s files)
GENASMFILES=$(filter %.s, $(OBJDEPS:.o=.s)) 


.SUFFIXES : .c .cc .cpp .C .o .out .s .S \
    .hex .ee.hex .h .hh .hpp


.PHONY: writeflash clean stats gdbinit stats

# Make targets:
# all, disasm, stats, hex, writeflash/install, clean
all: $(TRG)

disasm: $(DUMPTRG) stats

stats: $(TRG)
    $(OBJDUMP) -h $(TRG)
    $(SIZE) $(TRG) 

hex: $(HEXTRG)


writeflash: hex
    $(AVRDUDE) -c $(AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMERID)   \
     -p $(PROGRAMMER_MCU) -P $(AVRDUDE_PORT) -e        \
     -U flash:w:$(HEXROMTRG)

install: writeflash

$(DUMPTRG): $(TRG) 
    $(OBJDUMP) -S  $< > $@


$(TRG): $(OBJDEPS) 
    $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(TRG) $(OBJDEPS)


#### Generating assembly ####
# asm from C
%.s: %.c
    $(CC) -S $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@

# asm from (hand coded) asm
%.s: %.S
    $(CC) -S $(ASMFLAGS) $< > $@


# asm from C++
.cpp.s .cc.s .C.s :
    $(CC) -S $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $< -o $@



#### Generating object files ####
# object from C
.c.o: 
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@


# object from C++ (.cc, .cpp, .C files)
.cc.o .cpp.o .C.o :
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@

# object from asm
.S.o :
    $(CC) $(ASMFLAGS) -c $< -o $@


#### Generating hex files ####
# hex files from elf
#####  Generating a gdb initialisation file    #####
.out.hex:
    $(OBJCOPY) -j .text                    \
        -j .data                       \
        -O $(HEXFORMAT) $< $@

.out.ee.hex:
    $(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom                  \
        --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 \
        -O $(HEXFORMAT) $< $@


#####  Generating a gdb initialisation file    #####
##### Use by launching simulavr and avr-gdb:   #####
#####   avr-gdb -x gdbinit-myproject           #####
gdbinit: $(GDBINITFILE)

$(GDBINITFILE): $(TRG)
    @echo "file $(TRG)" > $(GDBINITFILE)

    @echo "target remote localhost:1212" \
                        >> $(GDBINITFILE)

    @echo "load"        >> $(GDBINITFILE) 
    @echo "break main"  >> $(GDBINITFILE)
    @echo "continue"    >> $(GDBINITFILE)
    @echo
    @echo "Use 'avr-gdb -x $(GDBINITFILE)'"


#### Cleanup ####
clean:
    $(REMOVE) $(TRG) $(TRG).map $(DUMPTRG)
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJDEPS)
    $(REMOVE) $(LST) $(GDBINITFILE)
    $(REMOVE) $(GENASMFILES)
    $(REMOVE) $(HEXTRG)



#####                    EOF                   #####

Answer 1

错误消息，例如

avr-gcc: No such file or directory

指示以下几项之一

1. 可执行文件 avr-gcc 未安装（正确）

2. 和/或 PATH 环境变量不包含保存可执行文件的目录

3. makefile 调用不正确。

4. 其他

这里有一些可以尝试的事情

当你说“下载了makefile”时，你是下载了全部，还是下载了完整的软件包（avr？） 如果只是makefile，你必须先下载整个软件包才能下载继续。

许多软件包依赖于自动捕获的设置信息或作为环境变量传递来运行 make 文件。

查看软件分发版附带的 .txt（有时为 .doc）文件。查找自述文件或安装。您可能会发现需要运行一组简单的命令来设置环境。很多时候，

./configure
make
make install

这就是你所需要的。

如果你的包中没有这样的指示，那么你需要找到你的 avr-gcc 所在的位置并将其添加到 PATH 中，即

 find / -name 'avr-gcc*'

采用返回的路径，去掉结尾的 /avr-gcc 并将其添加到您的 PATH 中，即

 PATH="${PATH}:/path/to/avr-gcc-subdir"
 export PATH
 make

如果这不起作用，请编辑您的问题以包含此包源代码的 URL。