如何使用 Ruby 的“扫描”功能将捕获组设置为可选方法？

Question

我有一个像这样的正则表达式：

(.*?)("DisplayName":.*?)(,)(.*?"Groups":?)?(\[.*?\])?(,)(.*?"Phones":)?(\[.*?\])?(.*?\},)?

我想用它来处理这样的字符串：

{"Affinity":20,"DisplayName":"Moe Larry","电子邮件":[{"地址":"[电子邮件受保护]","Primary":tru e,"Type":{"Id":"HOME"}}],"FullName":{"FamilyName":"Larry","GivenName":"Moe","Unstructed":"Moe拉里"},"群组":[{"id":"^我的"}],"Id":"1234567890","MailsS​​ent":0,"姓名":"Moe拉里","电话":[{"号码":"555-999-6661","类型":{"Id":"移动"}}],"ProfileLink":""},{"亲和力": 20、"DisplayName":"stoogesarefunny","电子邮件":[{"地址":"stoogesarefunny","主要":true}],"EvergreenPhoto":"/photos/private/adflk;jsd394u75430o8752380974321jtkasdljf893748 9213749832654","Id":"834754hthbf83744823f","邮件已发送":0},{"Affinity":20,"DisplayName":"[电子邮件受保护]","电子邮件":[{"地址":"<一个href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="98ebecf7f7fffdebf9eafdfeedf6f6e1d8fff5f9f1f4b6fbf7f5">[电子邮件受保护]","Primary":true}],"EvergreenPhoto":"/photos/私人/asdfAJDKLJSFIOEJHLTHSJKLDF234987s897KJHSDFKJHDF89273473ASLKJDLSKJIFEIH"，"Id"："834754hthbf83744823f"，"MailsS​​ent"：0，"ProfileLink"："https://profiles.google.com/stoogesarefunny"},{"Affinity":20,"DisplayName":"Shemp","FullName":{"GivenName":"Shemp"," U nstructed":"Shemp"},"群组":[{"id":"^我的"}],"Id":"1234567890","MailsS​​ent":0,"姓名":"Shemp","电话" :[{"号码":"+15553085671","典型值e":{"Id":"OTHER"}}]},{"Affinity":20,"DisplayName":"ClownFace","FullName":{"GivenName":"ClownFace","Unstructed":"ClownFace "},"组":[{"id":"^我的"}],"Id":"1234567890","MailsS​​ent":0,"姓名":"ClownFace","电话":[{"号码":"+15556064040 ","Type":{"Id":"OTHER"}}]},

我知道这真的很丑陋。我希望我能找到一个 xml feed，但现在这不是一个选择。

我只关心 DisplayName、Groups 和 Phones。我需要提取它们并将其保存在数组中。组和电话的捕获组必须是可选的，因为并非所有联系人都有它们。然而，我的正则表达式给了我：

Result 1

1. {"Affinity":20,
2. "DisplayName":"Moe Larry"
3. ,
4. "Emails":[{"Address":"[email protected]","Primary":true,"Type":{"Id":"HOME"}}],"FullName":{"FamilyName":"Larry","GivenName":"Moe","Unstructured":"Moe Larry"},"Groups":
5. [{"id":"^Mine"}]
6. ,
7. "Id":"1234567890","MailsSent":0,"Name":"Moe Larry","Phones":
8. [{"Number":"555-999-6661","Type":{"Id":"MOBILE"}}]
9. ,"ProfileLink":""},

Result 2

1. {"Affinity":20,
2. "DisplayName":"stoogesarefunny"
3. ,
4. "Emails":[{"Address":"stoogesarefunny","Primary":true}],"EvergreenPhoto":"/photos/private/adflk;jsd394u75430o8752380974321jtkasdljf8937489213749832654","Id":"834754hthbf83744823f","MailsSent":0},{"Affinity":20,"DisplayName":"[email protected]","Emails":[{"Address":"[email protected]","Primary":true}],"EvergreenPhoto":"/photos/private/asdfAJDKLJSFIOEJHLTHSJKLDF234987s897KJHSDFKJHDF89273473ASLKJDLSKJIFEIH","Id":"834754hthbf83744823f","MailsSent":0,"ProfileLink":"https://profiles.google.com/stoogesarefunny"},{"Affinity":20,"DisplayName":"Shemp","FullName":{"GivenName":"Shemp","Unstructured":"Shemp"},"Groups":
5. [{"id":"^Mine"}]
6. ,
7. "Id":"1234567890","MailsSent":0,"Name":"Shemp","Phones":
8. [{"Number":"+15553085671","Type":{"Id":"OTHER"}}]
9. },

Result 3

1. {"Affinity":20,
2. "DisplayName":"ClownFace"
3. ,
4. "FullName":{"GivenName":"ClownFace","Unstructured":"ClownFace"},"Groups":
5. [{"id":"^Mine"}]
6. ,
7. "Id":"1234567890","MailsSent":0,"Name":"ClownFace","Phones":
8. [{"Number":"+15556064040","Type":{"Id":"OTHER"}}]
9. },

显然，Shemp 的所有联系数据都被纳入 [email 受保护]的数据因为我的正则表达式会继续咀嚼直到到达 Shemps Group，而不是在他的显示名称之前停止并重新开始。帮助？

PS：不，我并不打算拯救所有这些群体，最终，这只是为了我可以研究正在发生的事情。

Answer 1

您的输入看起来像 JSON ，其中已经有用于 Ruby 的解析器：

gem install json

然后在 ruby​​ 中：

data = JSON.parse(string)

您可以然后直接以哈希对象的形式访问data，例如：

data = '
  {"Affinity":20,
    "DisplayName":"Moe Larry",
    "Emails":[{"Address":"[email protected]","Primary":true,"Type":{"Id":"HOME"}}],
    "FullName":{"FamilyName":"Larry","GivenName":"Moe","Unstructured":"Moe Larry"},
    "Groups":[{"id":"^Mine"}],
    "Id":"1234567890",
    "MailsSent":0,
    "Name":"Moe Larry",
    "Phones":[{"Number":"555-999-6661","Type":{"Id":"MOBILE"}}],
    "ProfileLink":""
  }
'

require 'json'
user = JSON.parse(data)
user.class                    # => Hash
user.keys                     # => ["Affinity", "DisplayName", "Emails", "FullName", "Groups", "Id", "MailsSent", "Name", "Phones", "ProfileLink"]
user['Affinity']              # => 20
user['DisplayName']           # => "Moe Larry"
user['Emails']                # => [{"Address"=>"[email protected]", "Primary"=>true, "Type"=>{"Id"=>"HOME"}}]
user['Emails'].class          # => Array
user['Emails'][0]             # => {"Address"=>"[email protected]", "Primary"=>true, "Type"=>{"Id"=>"HOME"}}
user['Emails'][0]['Address']  # => "[email protected]"