丢弃限定符

Question

我不太确定我的问题是什么。它说“放弃限定符”。我不知道为什么会发生这种情况。如果我删除重载运算符+=的const，一切都很好。有人可以帮我吗？

// practice on overloading operators on Time variables
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Time {
 public:
  //constructor
  Time(const unsigned int& day = 0, const unsigned int& hour = 0,
       const unsigned int& minute = 0, const unsigned int& second = 0)
    : day_(day),
      hour_(hour),
      minute_(minute),
      second_(second) {
  }
  Time(const unsigned int& second = 0)
    : day_(0),
      hour_(0),
      minute_(0),
      second_(second) {
  }
  //copy constructor
  Time(const Time& time)
    : day_(time.day_),
      hour_(time.hour_),
      minute_(time.minute_),
      second_(time.second_) {
  }
  //assignment operator
  Time& operator=(const Time& time) {
    day_ = time.day_;
    hour_ = time.hour_;
    minute_ = time.minute_;
    second_ = time.second_;
    return *this;
  }
  //destructor
  ~Time() {} 
  //overloaded operators
  Time& operator+=(const Time& time); 
  Time operator+(const Time& time);
 private:
  unsigned int day_;
  unsigned int hour_;
  unsigned int minute_;
  unsigned int second_;
  void ConvertSecondsToTime();
  unsigned int TotalTimeInSeconds();
};
//main function
int main() {
  return 0;
}
  //overloaded operators
unsigned int Time::TotalTimeInSeconds() {
  return (day_ * 24 * 60 * 60 + 
          hour_ * 60 * 60 +
          minute_ * 60 +
          second_);
}
void Time::ConvertSecondsToTime() {
  while (second_ >= 60) {
    second_ -= 60;
    minute_ += 1;
  }
  while (minute_ >= 60) {
    minute_ -= 60;
    hour_ += 1;
  } 
  while (hour_ >= 24) {
    hour_ -= 24;
    day_ += 1;
  }
}
Time& Time::operator+=(const Time& time) {
  second_ = this->TotalTimeInSeconds() + time.TotalTimeInSeconds();
  ConvertSecondsToTime();
  return *this;
}
Time Time::operator+(const Time& time) {
  Time temp(*this);
  temp += time;
  return temp;
}
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我的输出是：

time_overloaded_operators.cpp: In member function ‘Time& Time::operator+=(const Time&)’:
time_overloaded_operators.cpp:75: error: passing ‘const Time’ as ‘this’ argument of ‘unsigned int Time::TotalTimeInSeconds()’ discards qualifiers

Answer 1

问题是 TotalTimeInSeconds 被声明为禁止通过 const 引用调用它，但随后 operator+= 尝试在 time 上调用它，这是一个常量引用。

解决方法是声明 unsigned int TotalTimeInSeconds() const; ，它表示可以通过 const 引用（以及通过 const 指针和 const 对象的名称）调用成员函数。

Answer 2

更改：

unsigned int TotalTimeInSeconds();

to

unsigned int TotalTimeInSeconds() const;

因此也：

unsigned int Time::TotalTimeInSeconds() {

to

unsigned int Time::TotalTimeInSeconds() const {

这基本上是说 Time 对象不会通过调用 TotalTimeInSeconds 进行修改，因此 const Time > 对象可以传递给operator+=。否则，无法确定在 operator+= 内部调用 TotalTimeInSeconds 时 Time 对象不会被修改，因此 >const 限定符被丢弃。这基本上就是错误的含义。