PHP 操作码与实际执行的二进制代码有何关系?
test.php 作为纯文本:
<?php
$x = "a";
echo $x;
test.php 作为操作码:
debian:~ php -d vld.active=1 -d vld.execute=0 -f test.php
Finding entry points
Branch analysis from position: 0
Return found
filename: /root/test.php
function name: (null)
number of ops: 5
compiled vars: !0 = $x
line # * op fetch ext return operands
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 0 > EXT_STMT
1 ASSIGN !0, 'a'
3 2 EXT_STMT
3 ECHO !0
4 4 > RETURN 1
branch: # 0; line: 2- 4; sop: 0; eop: 4
path #1: 0,
test.php 作为二进制表示:
debian:~ php -d apc.stat=0 -r "
require '/root/test.php';
echo PHP_EOL;
echo chunk_split(bin2hex(
apc_bin_dump(array('/root/test.php'))
),64);
"
(跳过 test.php 的回显输出)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[ ... a lot of lines just containing 0s ... ]
0000000000000038000000c30000007f0000007a010000830000007c0200008f
0000003c000000400000004400000008
现在我想了解更多有关操作码如何转换为二进制表示形式的信息。
编辑和澄清的问题:
操作码如何翻译成二进制版本? 你能看到 'a' 到 !0 的 ASSIGN 吗? ECHO 语句及其输出内容是否在某处?
我在二进制版本中发现了一些暗示操作码的逐行表示的模式。
(“2f726f6f742f746573742e706870”是“/root/test.php”的十六进制表示)
编辑:
当行长度设置为 4 字节并在不同程序之间进行比较时,十六进制表示显示模式。
...
00000002 // 2 seems to be something like the "line number"
00000065 // seems to increase by 1 for every subsequent statement.
00000040 //
06330808 // seems to mark the START of a statement
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000001 //
00000012 // In a program with three echo statements,
03000007 // this block was present three times. With mild
00000001 // changes that seem to represent the spot where
00000006 // the output-string is located.
00000008 //
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000002 // 2 seems to be something like the "line number"
00000028 //
00000020 //
4a330808 // seems to mark the END of a statement
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000008 // repeating between (echo-)statements
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000008 // repeating between (echo-)statements
...
但我对虚拟机如何在这种级别上工作的知识太薄弱,无法真正正确地分析它并将其链接到 C 代码。
编辑:
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评论(2)
好问题...
更新:操作码直接由 PHP 虚拟机(Zend 引擎)执行。看起来好像它们是由 ./Zend/zend_vm_execute.h 中定义的不同处理函数执行的,
请参阅 Zend 引擎的架构,了解有关 Zend 操作码如何执行的更多信息。
这些资源可能会有所帮助:
http://php.net/manual/en /internals2.opcodes.list.php
http://www.php.net/manual/en/internals2.opcodes.ops.php
另外,我将查看 PECL VLD 源以获取更多线索...
http://pecl.php.net/package/vld
http://derickrethans.nl/projects.html#vld
另外,撰写 VLD Pecl 的作者扩展可能有帮助:
Derick Rethans、Andrei Zmievski 或 Marcus Börger
他们的电子邮件地址位于扩展源中 srm_oparray.c 的顶部。
更新:找到更多线索
在 PHP 5.3.8 中,我发现了执行操作码的三个线索:
我找不到 zend_execute() 的定义,但我猜测它可能是用 ./zend_vm_gen.php 生成的
我想我找到了它...
我可能是错的,但看起来所有操作码处理程序也在 ./Zend/zend_vm_execute.h 中定义。
请参阅 ./Zend/zend_vm_execute.h:2413 查看“整数加法”操作码的示例。
Great question...
UPDATE: opcodes are executed directly by the PHP Virtual Machine (the Zend Engine). It looks as though they're executed by different handler functions defined in ./Zend/zend_vm_execute.h
See the architecture of the Zend Engine for more info on how Zend opcodes are executed.
These resources might help a bit:
http://php.net/manual/en/internals2.opcodes.list.php
http://www.php.net/manual/en/internals2.opcodes.ops.php
Also, I'm going to checkout the PECL VLD Source for more clues...
http://pecl.php.net/package/vld
http://derickrethans.nl/projects.html#vld
Also, writing the authors of the VLD Pecl extension may help:
Derick Rethans, Andrei Zmievski or Marcus Börger
Their email addresses are at the top of srm_oparray.c in the extension source.
UPDATE: found some more clues
In PHP 5.3.8, I found three leads for where the opcodes are executed:
I couldn't find the definition for zend_execute(), but I'm guessing it might be generated with ./zend_vm_gen.php
I think I found it...
I could be wrong, but it looks like all of the opcode handlers are defined in ./Zend/zend_vm_execute.h too.
See ./Zend/zend_vm_execute.h:2413 for an example of what looks to the be "integer addition" opcode.
apc_bin_dump() 返回内存中缓存条目的原始表示形式。
它返回 apc_bd_t 的内容结构。
该结构是 apc_bd_entry_t 数组,带有一些用于错误检测的校验和。
apc_bd_entry_t 包含 apc_cache_entry_value_t。
您可以查看apc_bin_dump和<一个href="http://svn.php.net/viewvc/pecl/apc/trunk/apc_bin.c?revision=307048&view=markup#l648" rel="nofollow">apc_bin_load 内部函数查看如何转储和加载。
apc_bin_dump() returns the raw representation of an in-memory cache entry.
It returns the content of a apc_bd_t struct.
This struct is an array of apc_bd_entry_t with some checksums for error detection.
apc_bd_entry_t contains a apc_cache_entry_value_t.
You can look at apc_bin_dump and apc_bin_load internal functions to see how dump and load are made.