迁移到 nginx/uWSGI/django 设置未找到

Question

Apache / Mod_wsgi 堆栈一直存在问题，最终决定减少损失并在服务器端重新开始。

已经将 Nginx 设置为代理对 uwsgi 的请求。使用 uwsgi 协议相当简单。

然而 uwsgi 一直很顽固，尝试阅读文档/教程/在 IRC 中询问... 由于 Django 未找到设置，不断出现 wsgi 模块的相同错误， 然而，当我通过控制台运行相同的代码时，我没有收到任何错误。

下面粘贴了所有相关脚本 - 假设我遗漏了一些明显的东西，尽管我不知道是什么。

在 Ubuntu 11.10 上运行，使用 Upstart 脚本启动

Upstart 脚本

description "uWSGI starter"
start on (local-filesystems
and runlevel [2345])
stop on runlevel [016]
respawn
exec /usr/local/sbin/uwsgi \
--uid www-data \
--socket 127.0.0.1:5050 \
--master \
--logto /var/log/uwsgi_main.log \
--logdate \
--optimize 2 \
--processes 4 \
--harakiri 120 \
--vhost \
--no-site

nginx 服务器配置

server {
    listen   80;
    server_name .DOMAIN.com;
    access_log /home/USER/virtualenv/logs/nginx/access.log;
    error_log /home/USER/virtualenv/logs/nginx/error.log;
    client_max_body_size 10m;
    keepalive_timeout 120;

    location /media/ {
        root /home/USER/virtualenv/PROJECT;
    }
    location /static/ {
        root /home/USER/virtualenv/PROJECT;
    }

    location / {
        uwsgi_pass uwsgi_main;
        include uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_param UWSGI_PYHOME /home/USER/virtualenv;
        uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT deploy.deploy;
        uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /home/USER/virtualenv/PROJECT;
        root /home/USER/virtualenv;
    }
}

deploy.py

import os, site, sys

prev_sys_path = list(sys.path)
site.addsitedir('/home/USER/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages')

sys.path.append('/home/USER/virtualenv/PROJECT')
sys.path.append('/home/USER/virtualenv/')

new_sys_path = [p for p in sys.path if p not in prev_sys_path]
for item in new_sys_path:
    sys.path.remove(item)
sys.path[:0] = new_sys_path

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'PROJECT.settings'
import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

错误

Fri Nov 25 22:24:25 2011 - WSGI application 0 (mountpoint=DOMAIN.com|) ready on interpreter 0x679920 pid: 9552
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/USER/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 250, in __call__
    self.load_middleware()
  File "/home/USER/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 39, in load_middleware
    for middleware_path in settings.MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES:
  File "/home/USER/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 276, in __getattr__
    self._setup()
  File "/home/USER/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 42, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
  File "/home/USER/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 89, in __init__
    raise ImportError("Could not import settings '%s' (Is it on sys.path?): %s" % (self.SETTINGS_MODULE, e))
ImportError: Could not import settings 'settings' (Is it on sys.path?): No module named settings
DOMAIN.com [pid: 9552|app: 0|req: 1/1] 184.96.159.248 () {48 vars in 1083 bytes} [Fri Nov 25 22:24:25 2011] GET / => generated 0 bytes in 284 ms$
Fri Nov 25 22:24:26 2011 - WSGI application 0 (mountpoint=DOMAIN.com|) ready on interpreter 0x679920 pid: 9553
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/USER/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 250, in __call__
    self.load_middleware()
  File "/home/USER/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 39, in load_middleware
    for middleware_path in settings.MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES:
  File "/home/USER/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 276, in __getattr__
    self._setup()
  File "/home/USER/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 42, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
  File "/home/USER/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 89, in __init__
    raise ImportError("Could not import settings '%s' (Is it on sys.path?): %s" % (self.SETTINGS_MODULE, e))

Answer 1

首先，你不需要所有这些 sys.path 混乱，你的 nginx 变量已经为你设置了 virtualenv。

我建议您进入静态模式，因为动态虚拟主机模式非常复杂并且通常难以调试。只需更改您的命令行并从 nginx 中删除三个 uwsgi_param 条目：

/usr/local/sbin/uwsgi
--uid www-data
--socket 127.0.0.1:5050
--master
--logto /var/log/uwsgi_main.log
--logdate
--optimize 2
--processes 4
--harakiri 120
--virtualenv /home/USER/virtualenv/
--pythonpath /home/USER/virtualenv/
--chdir /home/USER/virtualenv/PROJECT
--env DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=PROJECT.settings
--module "django.core.handlers.wsgi:WSGIHandler()"

应该就足够了（显然您可以扔掉 wsgi 脚本）

Answer 2

我的猜测是你在 python virtualenv 中运行 django 应用程序。如果是这样，您还需要在 upstart 脚本中激活 virtualenv：
执行 /path/to/virtualenv/activate && /usr/local/sbin/uwsgi