将深度缓冲区与 GL_LINES 结合使用

发布于 2024-12-17 22:35:42 字数 2575 浏览 3 评论 0原文

我想绘制删除了隐藏边缘的对象的边缘。我想要应用的想法是首先将对象的面渲染到深度缓冲区，然后在第二遍中在启用深度测试的情况下绘制边缘。

由于并非所有三角形边缘都应该可见，因此边缘是单独存储的（简单的示例：在立方体中，对角线边缘不应该可见，尽管它们存在，因为四边形被渲染为两个三角形）。因此，面是使用 GL_TRIANGLES 绘制的，边是使用 GL_LINES 和单独的顶点缓冲区绘制的。

问题在于，此设置会部分显示隐藏边缘，而部分隐藏可见边缘。如何才能获得正确的结果？

没有深度测试：
有深度测试：
渲染到深度缓冲区的面：

我使用带有附加颜色和深度缓冲区的帧缓冲区来绘制对象。

// Color buffer setup.
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, objectEdges);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, 640, 360, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nil);

// Depth buffer setup.
glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, objectFaces);
glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16, 640, 360);

// Framebuffer setup.
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, 
                       GL_TEXTURE_2D, objectEdges, 0);
glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, 
                          GL_RENDERBUFFER, objectFaces);
assert(glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER) == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE);
assert(glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR);

此设置工作没有任何问题。我按如下方式绘制对象：

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

glColorMask(GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE);
glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);
glBindVertexArrayOES(vertexArray_faces);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, vertexCount_faces);
glBindVertexArrayOES(0);

glColorMask(GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE);
glDepthMask(GL_FALSE);
glBindVertexArrayOES(vertexArray_edges);
glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, vertexCount_edges);
glBindVertexArrayOES(0);

glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

使用的着色器只是一个标准的模型视图投影顶点着色器，以及一个为所有片段输出白色的片段着色器。

GLKMatrix4 projectionMatrix = 
    GLKMatrix4MakePerspective(
        GLKMathDegreesToRadians(65.0f), 640.0 / 360.0f, 0.01f, 10.0f);
GLKMatrix4 modelViewMatrix = 
    GLKMatrix4MakeLookAt(0.2f, 0.4f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

原文

I want to draw edges of an object with hidden edges removed. The idea I want to apply is to render the object's faces first to the depth buffer, then in a second pass drawing the edges with depth testing enabled.

Since not all triangle edges should be visible, the edges are stored separately (simple example: in a cube, the diagonal edges should not be visible, although they are there since a quad is rendered as two triangles). The faces are therefore drawn using GL_TRIANGLES, the edges are drawn uing GL_LINES with a separate vertex buffer.

The problem is that hidden edges are partly shown with this setup, and that visible edges are partly hidden. How can I achieve a proper result?

without depth testing:
with depth testing:
faces which are rendered to depth buffer:

I use a framebuffer with an attached color and depth buffer to draw my object.

// Color buffer setup.
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, objectEdges);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, 640, 360, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nil);

// Depth buffer setup.
glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, objectFaces);
glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16, 640, 360);

// Framebuffer setup.
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, 
                       GL_TEXTURE_2D, objectEdges, 0);
glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, 
                          GL_RENDERBUFFER, objectFaces);
assert(glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER) == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE);
assert(glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR);

This setup works without any problems. I draw my object as following:

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

glColorMask(GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE);
glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);
glBindVertexArrayOES(vertexArray_faces);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, vertexCount_faces);
glBindVertexArrayOES(0);

glColorMask(GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE);
glDepthMask(GL_FALSE);
glBindVertexArrayOES(vertexArray_edges);
glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, vertexCount_edges);
glBindVertexArrayOES(0);

glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

The used shader is just a standard model-view-projection vertex shader, and a fragment shader which outputs white for all fragments.

GLKMatrix4 projectionMatrix = 
    GLKMatrix4MakePerspective(
        GLKMathDegreesToRadians(65.0f), 640.0 / 360.0f, 0.01f, 10.0f);
GLKMatrix4 modelViewMatrix = 
    GLKMatrix4MakeLookAt(0.2f, 0.4f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

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