使用 ggplot2 在 x 轴上绘制日期,在 y 轴上绘制时间
我读到了一系列 37 个事件发生的日期和时间。它现在作为 POSIXlt 对象存在。我想要以图形方式表示每天发生的事件的时间。所以 x 轴应该是日期,y 轴应该是一天中的时间。
然后我尝试用 ggplot2 绘制它,
qplot(day(dttm), hour(dttm))
这就是我想要的,但它没有分钟的分辨率。如何在 y 轴中包含小时和分钟?
这是一些示例数据
dttm
[1] "2011-11-16 10:39:20" "2011-11-16 10:56:32" "2011-11-16 11:52:43" "2011-11-16 12:10:42"
[5] "2011-11-16 13:10:13" "2011-11-16 13:41:10" "2011-11-16 13:48:07" "2011-11-16 14:54:04"
[9] "2011-11-17 07:05:23" "2011-11-17 07:34:24" "2011-11-17 07:53:01" "2011-11-17 07:57:04"
[13] "2011-11-17 08:09:16" "2011-11-17 08:23:43" "2011-11-17 10:20:54" "2011-11-17 10:45:13"
[17] "2011-11-17 10:49:32" "2011-11-17 11:16:08" "2011-11-17 11:24:05" "2011-11-17 11:50:11"
[21] "2011-11-17 11:52:47" "2011-11-17 11:54:42" "2011-11-17 11:55:25" "2011-11-17 11:57:34"
[25] "2011-11-17 12:06:15" "2011-11-17 12:08:05" "2011-11-17 12:08:33" "2011-11-17 12:30:13"
[29] "2011-11-17 13:24:41" "2011-11-17 13:44:41" "2011-11-17 13:48:55" "2011-11-17 14:59:08"
[33] "2011-11-18 06:46:17" "2011-11-18 07:52:50" "2011-11-18 08:31:22" "2011-11-18 08:33:43"
[37] "2011-11-18 08:50:08"
这是 dput 文件
structure(list(sec = c(20, 32, 43, 42, 13, 10, 7, 4, 23, 24,
1, 4, 16, 43, 54, 13, 32, 8, 5, 11, 47, 42, 25, 34, 15, 5, 33,
13, 41, 41, 55, 8, 17, 50, 22, 43, 8), min = c(39L, 56L, 52L,
10L, 10L, 41L, 48L, 54L, 5L, 34L, 53L, 57L, 9L, 23L, 20L, 45L,
49L, 16L, 24L, 50L, 52L, 54L, 55L, 57L, 6L, 8L, 8L, 30L, 24L,
44L, 48L, 59L, 46L, 52L, 31L, 33L, 50L), hour = c(10L, 10L, 11L,
12L, 13L, 13L, 13L, 14L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 8L, 8L, 10L, 10L, 10L,
11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 13L, 13L,
13L, 14L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 8L, 8L), mday = c(16L, 16L, 16L, 16L, 16L,
16L, 16L, 16L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L,
17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L,
17L, 18L, 18L, 18L, 18L, 18L), mon = c(10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L,
10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L,
10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L,
10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L), year = c(111L, 111L, 111L, 111L,
111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L,
111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L,
111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L
), wday = c(3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L,
4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L,
4L, 4L, 4L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L), yday = c(319L, 319L, 319L, 319L,
319L, 319L, 319L, 319L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L,
320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L,
320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 321L, 321L, 321L, 321L, 321L
), isdst = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)), .Names = c("sec", "min",
"hour", "mday", "mon", "year", "wday", "yday", "isdst"), class = c("POSIXlt",
"POSIXt"))
I have read in a series of 37 dates and times that an event happened. It is now sitting as a POSIXlt object. I want a graphic representation of the times that the events happened on each day. So the x axis should be the date and y axis should be the time of day.
then I tried to plot it with ggplot2
qplot(day(dttm), hour(dttm))
That is kind of what I want but it does not have the resolution of minutes. How do I have hours and minutes included in the y axis?
Here is some sample data
dttm
[1] "2011-11-16 10:39:20" "2011-11-16 10:56:32" "2011-11-16 11:52:43" "2011-11-16 12:10:42"
[5] "2011-11-16 13:10:13" "2011-11-16 13:41:10" "2011-11-16 13:48:07" "2011-11-16 14:54:04"
[9] "2011-11-17 07:05:23" "2011-11-17 07:34:24" "2011-11-17 07:53:01" "2011-11-17 07:57:04"
[13] "2011-11-17 08:09:16" "2011-11-17 08:23:43" "2011-11-17 10:20:54" "2011-11-17 10:45:13"
[17] "2011-11-17 10:49:32" "2011-11-17 11:16:08" "2011-11-17 11:24:05" "2011-11-17 11:50:11"
[21] "2011-11-17 11:52:47" "2011-11-17 11:54:42" "2011-11-17 11:55:25" "2011-11-17 11:57:34"
[25] "2011-11-17 12:06:15" "2011-11-17 12:08:05" "2011-11-17 12:08:33" "2011-11-17 12:30:13"
[29] "2011-11-17 13:24:41" "2011-11-17 13:44:41" "2011-11-17 13:48:55" "2011-11-17 14:59:08"
[33] "2011-11-18 06:46:17" "2011-11-18 07:52:50" "2011-11-18 08:31:22" "2011-11-18 08:33:43"
[37] "2011-11-18 08:50:08"
Here is the dput file
structure(list(sec = c(20, 32, 43, 42, 13, 10, 7, 4, 23, 24,
1, 4, 16, 43, 54, 13, 32, 8, 5, 11, 47, 42, 25, 34, 15, 5, 33,
13, 41, 41, 55, 8, 17, 50, 22, 43, 8), min = c(39L, 56L, 52L,
10L, 10L, 41L, 48L, 54L, 5L, 34L, 53L, 57L, 9L, 23L, 20L, 45L,
49L, 16L, 24L, 50L, 52L, 54L, 55L, 57L, 6L, 8L, 8L, 30L, 24L,
44L, 48L, 59L, 46L, 52L, 31L, 33L, 50L), hour = c(10L, 10L, 11L,
12L, 13L, 13L, 13L, 14L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 8L, 8L, 10L, 10L, 10L,
11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 13L, 13L,
13L, 14L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 8L, 8L), mday = c(16L, 16L, 16L, 16L, 16L,
16L, 16L, 16L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L,
17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L,
17L, 18L, 18L, 18L, 18L, 18L), mon = c(10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L,
10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L,
10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L,
10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L), year = c(111L, 111L, 111L, 111L,
111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L,
111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L,
111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L, 111L
), wday = c(3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L,
4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L,
4L, 4L, 4L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L), yday = c(319L, 319L, 319L, 319L,
319L, 319L, 319L, 319L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L,
320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L,
320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 320L, 321L, 321L, 321L, 321L, 321L
), isdst = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)), .Names = c("sec", "min",
"hour", "mday", "mon", "year", "wday", "yday", "isdst"), class = c("POSIXlt",
"POSIXt"))
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需要两个步骤:
lubridate
提取器函数和一些算术,或者通过从dttm
中减去as.Date(dttm)
来完成此操作。我展示了两种方式。从 POSIXct 对象中提取时间的两种替代方法:
您可能还希望为轴指定显式标签:
?scale_datetime
中有更多此类比例的示例,它将指向?strptime
对日期和的解释时间格式化代码。There are two steps required:
lubridate
extractor functions and a bit of arithmetic, or by subtractingas.Date(dttm)
fromdttm
. I show both ways.Two alternative ways to extract the time from a POSIXct object:
You may also wish to specify explicit labels for the axes:
There are more examples of this type of scale in
?scale_datetime
, which will point you to?strptime
for an explanation of the date and time formatting codes.您可以使用scale_datetime调整日期轴。最后的例子很能说明问题。
http://had.co.nz/ggplot2/scale_datetime.html
You can tweak the date axes using scale_datetime. The examples at the end are quite illustrative.
http://had.co.nz/ggplot2/scale_datetime.html