在 UNIX 中创建二进制文件
这个问题已经存在了一段时间,我想如果我能让它发挥作用,我应该提供一些奖励积分。
我做了什么......
最近在工作中,我编写了一个解析器,可以将二进制文件转换为可读格式。二进制文件不是带有 10101010
字符的 Ascii 文件。它已被编码为二进制。因此,如果我对文件执行 cat
操作,我会得到以下内容 -
[jaypal~/Temp/GTP]$ cat T20111017153052.NEW
==?sGTP?ղ?N????W????&Xx1?T?&Xx1?;
?d@#e?
?0H????????|?X?@@(?ղ??VtPOC01
cceE??k@9??W傇??R?K?i2??d@#e???&Xx1&Xx??!?
blackberrynet?/??!
??!
??#ripassword??W傅?W傆??0H??
#R??@Vtc@@(?ղ??n?POC01
因此,我使用 hexdump
实用程序使文件显示以下内容并将其重定向到文件。现在我有了输出文件,它是一个包含十六进制值的文本文件。
[jaypal~/Temp/GTP]$ hexdump -C T20111017153052.NEW
00000000 3d 3d 01 f8 73 47 54 50 02 f1 d5 b2 be 4e e4 d7 |==..sGTP.....N..|
00000010 00 01 01 00 01 80 00 cc 57 e5 82 00 00 00 00 00 |........W.......|
00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 87 d3 f5 13 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 10 |................|
00000040 01 01 0f 00 00 00 00 00 26 58 78 31 00 b3 54 c5 |........&Xx1..T.|
00000050 26 58 78 31 00 b4 3b 0a 00 00 ad 64 13 40 01 03 |&Xx1..;....d.@..|
00000060 23 16 65 f3 01 01 0b 91 30 19 48 99 f2 ff ff ff |#.e.....0.H.....|
00000070 ff ff ff 02 00 7c 00 dc 01 58 00 a0 40 40 28 02 |.....|...X..@@(.|
00000080 f1 d5 b2 b8 ca 56 74 50 4f 43 30 31 00 00 00 00 |.....VtPOC01....|
00000090 00 04 0a 63 63 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |...cc...........|
000000a0 00 00 00 65 45 00 00 b4 fb 6b 40 00 39 11 16 cd |[email protected]...|
000000b0 cc 57 e5 82 87 d3 f5 52 85 a1 08 4b 00 a0 69 02 |.W.....R...K..i.|
000000c0 32 10 00 90 00 00 00 00 ad 64 00 00 02 13 40 01 |2........d....@.|
经过大量 awk
、sed
和 cut
后,脚本将十六进制值转换为可读文本。为此,我使用了偏移定位,它将标记转换的每个参数的开始和结束位置。所有转换后生成的文件看起来像这样
[jaypal:~/Temp/GTP] cat textfile.txt
Beginning of DB Package Identifier: ==
Total Package Length: 508
Offset to Data Record Count field: 115
Data Source: GTP
Timestamp: 2011-10-25
Matching Site Processor ID: 1
DB Package format version: 1
DB Package Resolution Type: 0
DB Package Resolution Value: 1
DB Package Resolution Cause Value: 128
Transport Protocol: 0
SGSN IP Address: 220.206.129.47
GGSN IP Address: 202.4.210.51
为什么我这样做
我是一名测试工程师,手动验证二进制文件是一个很大的痛苦。我必须手动解析偏移量并使用计算器来转换它们并针对 Wireshark 和 GUI 进行验证。
现在问题部分
我希望做与我所做的相反的事情。这是我的计划 -
- 有一个易于阅读的输入文本文件,其中包含
参数:值
。 - 用户可以简单地将值放在它们旁边(例如,日期将是一个参数,用户可以给出他们希望数据文件具有的日期)。
- 该脚本将从输入文本文件中删除所有相关信息(用户提供的信息)并将其转换为十六进制值。
- 一旦文件被转换为十六进制值,我希望将其编码回二进制。
前三个步骤已完成
问题
一旦我的脚本将输入文本文件转换为具有十六进制值的文本文件,我就会得到如下文件(注意我可以执行 cat 就可以了
)。
[visdba@hw-diam-test01 ParserDump]$ cat temp_file | sed 's/.\{32\}/&\n/g' | sed 's/../& /g'
3d 3d 01 fc 73 47 54 50 02 f1 d6 55 3c 9f 49 9c
00 01 01 00 01 80 00 dc ce 81 2f 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ca 04 d2 33 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10
01 01 0f 00 00 07 04 ea 00 00 ff ff 00 00 14 b7
00 00 ff ff 00 00 83 ec 00 00 83 62 54 14 59 00
60 38 34 f5 01 01 0b 58 62 70 11 60 f6 ff ff ff
ff ff ff 02 00 7c 00 d0 01 4c 00 b0 40 40 28 02
f1 d6 55 38 cb 2b 23 50 4f 43 30 31 00 00 00 00
00 04 0a 63 63 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
我的意图是将这个转换后的文件编码为二进制,这样当我对文件执行cat
时,我会得到一堆垃圾值。
[jaypal~/Temp/GTP]$ cat temp.file
==?sGTP?ղ?N????W????&Xx1?T?&Xx1?;
?d@#e?
?0H????????|?X?@@(?ղ??VtPOC01
cceE??k@9??W傇??R?K?i2??d@#e???&Xx1&Xx??!?
blackberrynet?/??!
??!
所以问题是这样的。 如何以这种形式对其进行编码?
为什么要这样做?
我们没有大量生产中的 GTP(GPRS 隧道协议)消息。我想如果我对此进行逆向工程,我可以有效地创建一个数据生成器并生成我自己的数据。
总结
可能有复杂的工具,但我不想花太多时间学习它们。大约两个月过去了,我开始在 *nix 平台上工作,并且刚刚掌握了它的强大工具,例如 sed
和 awk
。
我真正想要的是一些帮助和指导来实现这一目标。
再次感谢您的阅读! 200分等待着能指引我正确方向的人。 :)
示例文件
这是原始 二进制文件 的
示例 这是 输入文本文件,允许用户输入值
这是 归档我的脚本在输入文本文件的所有转换完成后创建。
如何将文件 3
的编码更改为文件 1
?
This question was out there for a while and I thought I should offer some bonus points if I can get it to work.
What did I do…
Recently at work, I wrote a parser that would convert a binary file in a readable format. Binary file isn't an Ascii file with 10101010
characters. It has been encoded in binary. So if I do a cat
on the file, I get the following -
[jaypal~/Temp/GTP]$ cat T20111017153052.NEW
==?sGTP?ղ?N????W????&Xx1?T?&Xx1?;
?d@#e?
?0H????????|?X?@@(?ղ??VtPOC01
cceE??k@9??W傇??R?K?i2??d@#e???&Xx1&Xx??!?
blackberrynet?/??!
??!
??#ripassword??W傅?W傆??0H??
#R??@Vtc@@(?ղ??n?POC01
So I used hexdump
utility to make the file display following content and redirected it to a file. Now I had my output file which was a text file containing Hex values.
[jaypal~/Temp/GTP]$ hexdump -C T20111017153052.NEW
00000000 3d 3d 01 f8 73 47 54 50 02 f1 d5 b2 be 4e e4 d7 |==..sGTP.....N..|
00000010 00 01 01 00 01 80 00 cc 57 e5 82 00 00 00 00 00 |........W.......|
00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 87 d3 f5 13 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 10 |................|
00000040 01 01 0f 00 00 00 00 00 26 58 78 31 00 b3 54 c5 |........&Xx1..T.|
00000050 26 58 78 31 00 b4 3b 0a 00 00 ad 64 13 40 01 03 |&Xx1..;....d.@..|
00000060 23 16 65 f3 01 01 0b 91 30 19 48 99 f2 ff ff ff |#.e.....0.H.....|
00000070 ff ff ff 02 00 7c 00 dc 01 58 00 a0 40 40 28 02 |.....|...X..@@(.|
00000080 f1 d5 b2 b8 ca 56 74 50 4f 43 30 31 00 00 00 00 |.....VtPOC01....|
00000090 00 04 0a 63 63 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |...cc...........|
000000a0 00 00 00 65 45 00 00 b4 fb 6b 40 00 39 11 16 cd |[email protected]...|
000000b0 cc 57 e5 82 87 d3 f5 52 85 a1 08 4b 00 a0 69 02 |.W.....R...K..i.|
000000c0 32 10 00 90 00 00 00 00 ad 64 00 00 02 13 40 01 |2........d....@.|
After tons of awk
, sed
and cut
, the script converted hex values into readable text. To do so, I used the offset positioning which would mark start and end position of each parameter converted. The resulting file after all conversion looks like this
[jaypal:~/Temp/GTP] cat textfile.txt
Beginning of DB Package Identifier: ==
Total Package Length: 508
Offset to Data Record Count field: 115
Data Source: GTP
Timestamp: 2011-10-25
Matching Site Processor ID: 1
DB Package format version: 1
DB Package Resolution Type: 0
DB Package Resolution Value: 1
DB Package Resolution Cause Value: 128
Transport Protocol: 0
SGSN IP Address: 220.206.129.47
GGSN IP Address: 202.4.210.51
Why did I do it
I am a test engineer and to manually validate binary files was a major pain. I had to manually parse through the offsets and use a calculator to convert them and validate it against Wireshark and GUI.
Now the question part
I wish to do the reverse of what I did. This was my plan -
- Have an easy to read Input text file which would have
Parameters : Values
. - User can simply put values next to them (eg Date would be a parameter and user can give date they want the data file to have).
- The script will cut out all relevent information (user provided information) from the Input text file and convert them into hex values.
- Once the file has been converted in to hex values, I wish to encode it back into binary.
First three steps are done
Problem
Once my script converts the Input text file in to a text file with hex values, I get a file like follows (notice I can do cat
on it).
[visdba@hw-diam-test01 ParserDump]$ cat temp_file | sed 's/.\{32\}/&\n/g' | sed 's/../& /g'
3d 3d 01 fc 73 47 54 50 02 f1 d6 55 3c 9f 49 9c
00 01 01 00 01 80 00 dc ce 81 2f 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ca 04 d2 33 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10
01 01 0f 00 00 07 04 ea 00 00 ff ff 00 00 14 b7
00 00 ff ff 00 00 83 ec 00 00 83 62 54 14 59 00
60 38 34 f5 01 01 0b 58 62 70 11 60 f6 ff ff ff
ff ff ff 02 00 7c 00 d0 01 4c 00 b0 40 40 28 02
f1 d6 55 38 cb 2b 23 50 4f 43 30 31 00 00 00 00
00 04 0a 63 63 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
My intension is to encoded this converted file in to a binary so that when I do cat
on the file, I get bunch of garbage values.
[jaypal~/Temp/GTP]$ cat temp.file
==?sGTP?ղ?N????W????&Xx1?T?&Xx1?;
?d@#e?
?0H????????|?X?@@(?ղ??VtPOC01
cceE??k@9??W傇??R?K?i2??d@#e???&Xx1&Xx??!?
blackberrynet?/??!
??!
So the question is this. How do I encode it in this form?
Why I want to do this?
We don't have a lot of GTP (GPRS Tunnelling Protocol) messages on production. I thought if I reverse engineer this, I could effectively create a data generator and make my own data.
Sum things up
There may be sophisticated tools out there, but I don't want to spend too much time learning them. It's been around 2 months, I have started working on the *nix platform and just getting hand around it's power tools like sed
and awk
.
What I do want is some help and guidance to make this happen.
Thanks again for reading! 200 points awaits for someone who can guide me in the right direction. :)
Sample Files
Here is a sample of Original Binary File
Here is a sample of Input Text File that would allow the User to punch in values
Here is a sample of File that my script creates after all the conversion from the Input Text File is complete.
How do I change the encoding of File 3
to File 1
?
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您可以使用 xxd 非常简单地在二进制文件/十六进制文件之间进行转换。
数据到十六进制
十六进制到数据
或
-p
是 postscript 模式,允许更自由格式的输入这是
xxd -r -p text
的输出,其中文本是数据你在上面给出You can use xxd to convert to and from binary files / hexdumps quite simply.
data to hex
hex to data
or
The
-p
is postscript mode which allows for a more freeform inputThis is the output from
xxd -r -p text
where text is the data you give above使用
cut
和awk
,您可以使用gawk
(GNU Awk) 扩展函数strtonum()
来相当简单地完成此操作code>:或者,如果您使用的是“new
awk
”的非 GNU 版本,那么您可以使用:如果您想使用其他工具(请记住 Perl 和 Python sprint;Ruby 将是另一种可能性),你可以做这很容易。
odx
是一个类似于hexdump
程序的程序。上面的脚本被修改为读取“hexdump.out”作为输入文件,并将输出通过管道传输到 odx 而不是文件,并给出以下输出:或者,使用 hexdump -C 代替 odx:
Using
cut
andawk
, you can do it fairly simply using agawk
(GNU Awk) extension function,strtonum()
:Or, if you are using a non-GNU version of 'new
awk
', then you can use:If you want to use other tools (Perl and Python sprint to mind; Ruby would be another possibility), you can do it easily enough.
odx
is a program similar to thehexdump
program. The script above was modified to read 'hexdump.out' as the input file, and the output piped intoodx
instead of a file, and gives the following output:Or, using
hexdump -C
in place ofodx
:要将编码从 File3 更改为 File1,您可以使用如下脚本:
或者,如果您只想通过管道传输它,并像本线程中的 xxd 示例一样使用:
如果您确实想为此使用 BASH,那么我建议您开始使用数组来很好地构建你的数据包。这是起始代码:
输出:
当然,这不是原始帖子的解决方案...该解决方案将使用类似的东西来生成二进制输出。最大的问题是我们仍然不知道数据包中的字段类型。我们也不知道其架构(是bigendian还是littleendian,是32位还是64位)。您必须向我们提供规格。例如,包裹的长度是什么类型?我们不知道该 TXT 文件!
为了帮助您完成您必须做的事情,您必须向我们找到有关这些字段大小的规范。
请注意,这是一个好的开始。您需要实现便利的函数,例如,使用十六进制值编码的字符串中的值自动填充 buffer[]。所以你可以做类似
write $offset "ff c0 d3 ba be"
的事情。To change encoding from File3 to File1, you use a script like this:
Or, if you just want to pipe it, and use like the xxd example in this thread:
If you really want to use BASH for this, then I suggest you start using array to nicely build your packet. Here is starting code:
Output:
Sure, this is not solution the the original post... The solution will use something like this to generate binary output. The biggest problem is that we still do not know the types of fields in the packet. We also do not know the architecture (is it bigendian, or littleendian, is it 32bit, or 64bit). You must give us the specification. For an instance, the lenght of the package is of what type? We do not know that from that TXT file!
In order to help you do what you have to do, you must find us the specification about sizes of those fields.
Note it is a good start though. You need to implement convenience functions to, for an example, automatically fill the buffer[] with values from a string encoded with hex values. So you can do something like
write $offset "ff c0 d3 ba be"
.有一个工具 binmake 允许以文本格式描述一些二进制数据并生成二进制文件(或输出到标准输出)。它允许更改字节序和数字格式并接受注释。
首先获取并编译binmake(二进制程序将位于
bin/
中):创建您的文本文件
file.txt
:生成您的二进制文件< code>file.bin:
您还可以使用
stdin
和stdout
通过管道传输它:There's a tool binmake allowing to describe in text format some binary data and generate a binary file (or output to stdout). It allows to change the endianess and number formats and accepts comments.
First get and compile binmake (the binary program will be in
bin/
):Create your text file
file.txt
:Generate your binary file
file.bin
:You can also pipe it using
stdin
andstdout
:awk 对于这里的工作来说是错误的工具,但是有一千种方法可以做到这一点。最简单的方法通常是一个小型 C 程序,或任何其他明确区分字符和十进制数字字符串的语言。
但是,要在 awk 中执行此操作,请使用“%c”printf 格式。
awk is the wrong tool for the job here, but there are a thousand ways to do it. The easiest way is often a small C program, or any other language that explicitely makes a distinction between a character and a string of decimal digits.
However, to do it in awk, use the "%c" printf format.