如果您全新安装或全新安装了 OS X 10.3 版或更高版本，则默认用户终端 shell 为 bash。
Bash 本质上是原始 Bourne shell sh 的增强版和 GNU 免费软件版本。如果您以前有过使用 bash（通常是 GNU/Linux 安装上的默认设置）的经验，这会使 OS X 命令行体验变得熟悉，否则请考虑将 shell 切换到 tcsh 或 zsh，因为有些人发现这些对用户更友好。
如果您从 OS X 版本 10.2.x、10.1.x 或 10.0.x 升级或使用 OS X 版本，则默认用户 shell 为 tcsh，它是 csh('c-shell') 的增强版本。早期的实现有点错误，编程语法也有点奇怪，因此名声不佳。
正如 Gordon Davisson 所恰当地列出的那样，Mac 和 Linux 之间仍然存在一些根本差异，例如 Mac 上没有 useradd 且 ifconfig 的工作方式不同。
下表对于了解各种 UNIX shell 很有用。
sh The original Bourne shell Present on every unix system
ksh Original Korn shell Richer shell programming environment than sh
csh Original C-shell C-like syntax; early versions buggy
tcsh Enhanced C-shell User-friendly and less buggy csh implementation
bash GNU Bourne-again shell Enhanced and free sh implementation
zsh Z shell Enhanced, user-friendly ksh-like shell
# ~/.bash_aliases
# ls variants
#alias l='ls -CF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -alFtr'
alias lsd='ls -d .*'
# Various
alias h='history | tail'
alias hg='history | grep'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias zap='rm -i'
# One letter quickies:
alias p='pwd'
alias x='exit'
alias {ack,ak}='ack-grep'
# Directories
alias s='cd ..'
alias play='cd ~/play/'
# Rails
alias src='script/rails console'
alias srs='script/rails server'
alias raked='rake db:drop db:create db:migrate db:seed'
alias rvm-restart='source '\''/home/durrantm/.rvm/scripts/rvm'\'''
alias rrg='rake routes | grep '
alias rspecd='rspec --drb '
#
# DropBox - syncd
WORKBASE="~/Dropbox/97_2012/work"
alias work="cd $WORKBASE"
alias code="cd $WORKBASE/ror/code"
#
# DropNot - NOT syncd !
WORKBASE_GIT="~/Dropnot"
alias {dropnot,not}="cd $WORKBASE_GIT"
alias {webs,ww}="cd $WORKBASE_GIT/webs"
alias {setups,docs}="cd $WORKBASE_GIT/setups_and_docs"
alias {linker,lnk}="cd $WORKBASE_GIT/webs/rails_v3/linker"
#
# git
alias {gsta,gst}='git status'
# Warning: gst conflicts with gnu-smalltalk (when used).
alias {gbra,gb}='git branch'
alias {gco,go}='git checkout'
alias {gcob,gob}='git checkout -b '
alias {gadd,ga}='git add '
alias {gcom,gc}='git commit'
alias {gpul,gl}='git pull '
alias {gpus,gh}='git push '
alias glom='git pull origin master'
alias ghom='git push origin master'
alias gg='git grep '
#
# vim
alias v='vim'
#
# tmux
alias {ton,tn}='tmux set -g mode-mouse on'
alias {tof,tf}='tmux set -g mode-mouse off'
#
# dmc
alias {dmc,dm}='cd ~/Dropnot/webs/rails_v3/dmc/'
alias wf='cd ~/Dropnot/webs/rails_v3/dmc/dmWorkflow'
alias ws='cd ~/Dropnot/webs/rails_v3/dmc/dmStaffing'
If you did a new or clean install of OS X version 10.3 or more recent, the default user terminal shell is bash.
Bash is essentially an enhanced and GNU freeware version of the original Bourne shell, sh. If you have previous experience with bash (often the default on GNU/Linux installations), this makes the OS X command-line experience familiar, otherwise consider switching your shell either to tcsh or to zsh, as some find these more user-friendly.
If you upgraded from or use OS X version 10.2.x, 10.1.x or 10.0.x, the default user shell is tcsh, an enhanced version of csh('c-shell'). Early implementations were a bit buggy and the programming syntax a bit weird so it developed a bad rap.
There are still some fundamental differences between mac and linux as Gordon Davisson so aptly lists, for example no useradd on Mac and ifconfig works differently.
The following table is useful for knowing the various unix shells.
sh The original Bourne shell Present on every unix system
ksh Original Korn shell Richer shell programming environment than sh
csh Original C-shell C-like syntax; early versions buggy
tcsh Enhanced C-shell User-friendly and less buggy csh implementation
bash GNU Bourne-again shell Enhanced and free sh implementation
zsh Z shell Enhanced, user-friendly ksh-like shell
On a final note, I am on Linux (Ubuntu 11) and Mac osX so I use bash and the thing I like the most is customizing the .bashrc (source'd from .bash_profile on OSX) file with aliases, some examples below. I now placed all my aliases in a separate .bash_aliases file and include it with:
if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
. ~/.bash_aliases
fi
in the .bashrc or .bash_profile file.
Note that this is an example of a mac-linux difference because on a Mac you can't have the --color=auto. The first time I did this (without knowing) I redefined ls to be invalid which was a bit alarming until I removed --auto-color !
# ~/.bash_aliases
# ls variants
#alias l='ls -CF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -alFtr'
alias lsd='ls -d .*'
# Various
alias h='history | tail'
alias hg='history | grep'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias zap='rm -i'
# One letter quickies:
alias p='pwd'
alias x='exit'
alias {ack,ak}='ack-grep'
# Directories
alias s='cd ..'
alias play='cd ~/play/'
# Rails
alias src='script/rails console'
alias srs='script/rails server'
alias raked='rake db:drop db:create db:migrate db:seed'
alias rvm-restart='source '\''/home/durrantm/.rvm/scripts/rvm'\'''
alias rrg='rake routes | grep '
alias rspecd='rspec --drb '
#
# DropBox - syncd
WORKBASE="~/Dropbox/97_2012/work"
alias work="cd $WORKBASE"
alias code="cd $WORKBASE/ror/code"
#
# DropNot - NOT syncd !
WORKBASE_GIT="~/Dropnot"
alias {dropnot,not}="cd $WORKBASE_GIT"
alias {webs,ww}="cd $WORKBASE_GIT/webs"
alias {setups,docs}="cd $WORKBASE_GIT/setups_and_docs"
alias {linker,lnk}="cd $WORKBASE_GIT/webs/rails_v3/linker"
#
# git
alias {gsta,gst}='git status'
# Warning: gst conflicts with gnu-smalltalk (when used).
alias {gbra,gb}='git branch'
alias {gco,go}='git checkout'
alias {gcob,gob}='git checkout -b '
alias {gadd,ga}='git add '
alias {gcom,gc}='git commit'
alias {gpul,gl}='git pull '
alias {gpus,gh}='git push '
alias glom='git pull origin master'
alias ghom='git push origin master'
alias gg='git grep '
#
# vim
alias v='vim'
#
# tmux
alias {ton,tn}='tmux set -g mode-mouse on'
alias {tof,tf}='tmux set -g mode-mouse off'
#
# dmc
alias {dmc,dm}='cd ~/Dropnot/webs/rails_v3/dmc/'
alias wf='cd ~/Dropnot/webs/rails_v3/dmc/dmWorkflow'
alias ws='cd ~/Dropnot/webs/rails_v3/dmc/dmStaffing'
@Michael Durrant 的答案巧妙地涵盖了 shell 本身，但 shell 环境还包括您在 shell 中使用的各种命令，这些命令在 OS X 和 Linux 之间是相似的，但不完全相同。一般来说，两者都具有相同的核心命令和功能（尤其是 Posix 标准中定义的命令和功能），但许多扩展会有所不同。
例如，Linux系统通常有一个useradd命令来创建新用户，但OS X没有。在 OS X 上，您通常使用 GUI 来创建用户；如果您需要从命令行创建它们，您可以使用dscl（linux没有）来编辑用户数据库（请参阅此处）。 （更新：从 macOS High Sierra v10.13 开始，您可以改用 sysadminctl -addUser 。）
此外，它们共有的一些命令将具有不同的功能和选项。例如，linux通常包含GNU sed，它使用-r选项来调用扩展正则表达式；在 OS X 上，您可以使用 -E 选项来获得相同的效果。类似地，在 Linux 中，您可以使用 ls --color=auto 来获取彩色输出；在 macOS 上，最接近的等效项是 ls -G。
编辑：另一个区别是许多Linux命令允许在其参数之后指定选项（例如ls file1 file2 -l），而大多数OS X命令要求选项严格放在第一位（ls - l 文件1 文件2）。
最后，由于操作系统本身不同，因此某些命令在操作系统之间的行为会有所不同。例如，在 Linux 上，您可能会使用 ifconfig 来更改网络配置。在 OS X 上，ifconfig 可以工作（可能语法略有不同），但您的更改可能会被系统配置守护程序随机覆盖；相反，您应该使用 networksetup 编辑网络首选项，然后让配置守护进程将它们应用到实时网络状态。
@Michael Durrant's answer ably covers the shell itself, but the shell environment also includes the various commands you use in the shell and these are going to be similar -- but not identical -- between OS X and linux. In general, both will have the same core commands and features (especially those defined in the Posix standard), but a lot of extensions will be different.
For example, linux systems generally have a useradd command to create new users, but OS X doesn't. On OS X, you generally use the GUI to create users; if you need to create them from the command line, you use dscl (which linux doesn't have) to edit the user database (see here). (Update: starting in macOS High Sierra v10.13, you can use sysadminctl -addUser instead.)
Also, some commands they have in common will have different features and options. For example, linuxes generally include GNU sed, which uses the -r option to invoke extended regular expressions; on OS X, you'd use the -E option to get the same effect. Similarly, in linux you might use ls --color=auto to get colorized output; on macOS, the closest equivalent is ls -G.
EDIT: Another difference is that many linux commands allow options to be specified after their arguments (e.g. ls file1 file2 -l), while most OS X commands require options to come strictly first (ls -l file1 file2).
Finally, since the OS itself is different, some commands wind up behaving differently between the OSes. For example, on linux you'd probably use ifconfig to change your network configuration. On OS X, ifconfig will work (probably with slightly different syntax), but your changes are likely to be overwritten randomly by the system configuration daemon; instead you should edit the network preferences with networksetup, and then let the config daemon apply them to the live network state.
发布评论
评论（2）
如果您全新安装或全新安装了 OS X 10.3 版或更高版本，则默认用户终端 shell 为 bash。
Bash 本质上是原始 Bourne shell sh 的增强版和 GNU 免费软件版本。如果您以前有过使用 bash（通常是 GNU/Linux 安装上的默认设置）的经验，这会使 OS X 命令行体验变得熟悉，否则请考虑将 shell 切换到 tcsh 或 zsh，因为有些人发现这些对用户更友好。
如果您从 OS X 版本 10.2.x、10.1.x 或 10.0.x 升级或使用 OS X 版本，则默认用户 shell 为 tcsh，它是 csh('c-shell') 的增强版本。早期的实现有点错误，编程语法也有点奇怪，因此名声不佳。
正如 Gordon Davisson 所恰当地列出的那样，Mac 和 Linux 之间仍然存在一些根本差异，例如 Mac 上没有
useradd且ifconfig的工作方式不同。下表对于了解各种 UNIX shell 很有用。
您可能还会发现这些指南很有帮助：
http://homepage.mac.com/ rgriff/files/TerminalBasics.pdf
http://guides.macrumors.com/Terminal
http://www.ofb.biz/safari/article/476.html
最后一点，我使用的是 Linux (Ubuntu 11) 和 Mac osX，所以我使用 bash，我最喜欢的是自定义 .bashrc（源自 OSX 上的
.bash_profile）文件和别名，下面是一些示例。现在，我将所有别名放在单独的 .bash_aliases 文件中，并将其包含在：
.bashrc 或 .bash_profile 文件中。
请注意，这是 mac-linux 差异的示例，因为在 Mac 上您无法使用
--color=auto。我第一次这样做（不知道）时，我将ls重新定义为无效，这有点令人担忧，直到我删除了--auto-color！您可能还会发现https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/127799/10043很有用
If you did a new or clean install of OS X version 10.3 or more recent, the default user terminal shell is bash.
Bash is essentially an enhanced and GNU freeware version of the original Bourne shell, sh. If you have previous experience with bash (often the default on GNU/Linux installations), this makes the OS X command-line experience familiar, otherwise consider switching your shell either to tcsh or to zsh, as some find these more user-friendly.
If you upgraded from or use OS X version 10.2.x, 10.1.x or 10.0.x, the default user shell is tcsh, an enhanced version of csh('c-shell'). Early implementations were a bit buggy and the programming syntax a bit weird so it developed a bad rap.
There are still some fundamental differences between mac and linux as Gordon Davisson so aptly lists, for example no
useraddon Mac andifconfigworks differently.The following table is useful for knowing the various unix shells.
You may also find these guides helpful:
http://homepage.mac.com/rgriff/files/TerminalBasics.pdf
http://guides.macrumors.com/Terminal
http://www.ofb.biz/safari/article/476.html
On a final note, I am on Linux (Ubuntu 11) and Mac osX so I use bash and the thing I like the most is customizing the .bashrc (source'd from
.bash_profileon OSX) file with aliases, some examples below.I now placed all my aliases in a separate .bash_aliases file and include it with:
in the .bashrc or .bash_profile file.
Note that this is an example of a mac-linux difference because on a Mac you can't have the
--color=auto. The first time I did this (without knowing) I redefinedlsto be invalid which was a bit alarming until I removed--auto-color!You may also find https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/127799/10043 useful
@Michael Durrant 的答案巧妙地涵盖了 shell 本身，但 shell 环境还包括您在 shell 中使用的各种命令，这些命令在 OS X 和 Linux 之间是相似的，但不完全相同。一般来说，两者都具有相同的核心命令和功能（尤其是 Posix 标准中定义的命令和功能），但许多扩展会有所不同。
例如，Linux系统通常有一个
useradd命令来创建新用户，但OS X没有。在 OS X 上，您通常使用 GUI 来创建用户；如果您需要从命令行创建它们，您可以使用dscl（linux没有）来编辑用户数据库（请参阅此处）。 （更新：从 macOS High Sierra v10.13 开始，您可以改用 sysadminctl -addUser 。）此外，它们共有的一些命令将具有不同的功能和选项。例如，linux通常包含GNU
sed，它使用-r选项来调用扩展正则表达式；在 OS X 上，您可以使用-E选项来获得相同的效果。类似地，在 Linux 中，您可以使用 ls --color=auto 来获取彩色输出；在 macOS 上，最接近的等效项是ls -G。编辑：另一个区别是许多Linux命令允许在其参数之后指定选项（例如
ls file1 file2 -l），而大多数OS X命令要求选项严格放在第一位（ls - l 文件1 文件2）。最后，由于操作系统本身不同，因此某些命令在操作系统之间的行为会有所不同。例如，在 Linux 上，您可能会使用
ifconfig来更改网络配置。在 OS X 上，ifconfig可以工作（可能语法略有不同），但您的更改可能会被系统配置守护程序随机覆盖；相反，您应该使用networksetup编辑网络首选项，然后让配置守护进程将它们应用到实时网络状态。@Michael Durrant's answer ably covers the shell itself, but the shell environment also includes the various commands you use in the shell and these are going to be similar -- but not identical -- between OS X and linux. In general, both will have the same core commands and features (especially those defined in the Posix standard), but a lot of extensions will be different.
For example, linux systems generally have a
useraddcommand to create new users, but OS X doesn't. On OS X, you generally use the GUI to create users; if you need to create them from the command line, you usedscl(which linux doesn't have) to edit the user database (see here). (Update: starting in macOS High Sierra v10.13, you can usesysadminctl -addUserinstead.)Also, some commands they have in common will have different features and options. For example, linuxes generally include GNU
sed, which uses the-roption to invoke extended regular expressions; on OS X, you'd use the-Eoption to get the same effect. Similarly, in linux you might usels --color=autoto get colorized output; on macOS, the closest equivalent isls -G.EDIT: Another difference is that many linux commands allow options to be specified after their arguments (e.g.
ls file1 file2 -l), while most OS X commands require options to come strictly first (ls -l file1 file2).Finally, since the OS itself is different, some commands wind up behaving differently between the OSes. For example, on linux you'd probably use
ifconfigto change your network configuration. On OS X,ifconfigwill work (probably with slightly different syntax), but your changes are likely to be overwritten randomly by the system configuration daemon; instead you should edit the network preferences withnetworksetup, and then let the config daemon apply them to the live network state.