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在运行时从 Linux 内核模块获取内核版本

发布于 2024-12-13 21:12:03 字数 50 浏览 0 评论 0原文

如何从 Linux 内核模块代码（内核模式）中获取有关正在运行的内核版本的运行时信息？

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萧瑟寒风 2024-12-20 21:12:03

按照惯例，Linux 内核模块加载机制不允许加载未针对正在运行的内核编译的模块，因此您所指的“正在运行的内核”很可能在内核模块编译时已经知道。

为了检索版本字符串常量，旧版本要求您包含，其他版本要求，较新版本则 <代码><生成/utsrelease.h>。如果您确实想在运行时获取更多信息，那么 linux/utsname.h 中的 utsname() 函数是最标准的运行时接口。

虚拟/proc/version procfs节点的实现使用utsname()->release。

如果您想在编译时根据内核版本调整代码，您可以使用预处理器块，例如：

#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE <= KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,16)
...
#else
...
#endif

它允许您与主要/次要版本进行比较。

By convention, Linux kernel module loading mechanism doesn't allow loading modules that were not compiled against the running kernel, so the "running kernel" you are referring to is most likely is already known at kernel module compilation time.

For retrieving the version string constant, older versions require you to include <linux/version.h>, others <linux/utsrelease.h>, and newer ones <generated/utsrelease.h>. If you really want to get more information at run-time, then utsname() function from linux/utsname.h is the most standard run-time interface.

The implementation of the virtual /proc/version procfs node uses utsname()->release.

If you want to condition the code based on kernel version in compile time, you can use a preprocessor block such as:

#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE <= KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,16)
...
#else
...
#endif

It allows you to compare against major/minor versions.

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￡冰雨忧蓝° 2024-12-20 21:12:03

您一次只能安全地为任何一个内核版本构建模块。这意味着在运行时向模块请求是多余的。

您可以在构建时通过查看最近内核中 UTS_RELEASE 的值来找到这一点，该值位于以及其他执行此操作的方法中。

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小梨窩很甜 2024-12-20 21:12:03

为什么我不能为任何版本构建内核模块？

因为内核模块 API 在设计上不稳定，如内核树中所述：Documentation/stable_api_nonsense.txt。摘要如下：

Executive Summary
-----------------
You think you want a stable kernel interface, but you really do not, and
you don't even know it.  What you want is a stable running driver, and
you get that only if your driver is in the main kernel tree.  You also
get lots of other good benefits if your driver is in the main kernel
tree, all of which has made Linux into such a strong, stable, and mature
operating system which is the reason you are using it in the first
place.

另请参阅：如何构建Linux 内核模块，以便它与所有内核版本兼容？

在编译时询问如何做到这一点：是否有宏定义来检查Linux内核版本？

Why can't I build a kernel module for any version?

Because the kernel module API is unstable by design as explained in the kernel tree at: Documentation/stable_api_nonsense.txt. The summary reads:

Executive Summary
-----------------
You think you want a stable kernel interface, but you really do not, and
you don't even know it.  What you want is a stable running driver, and
you get that only if your driver is in the main kernel tree.  You also
get lots of other good benefits if your driver is in the main kernel
tree, all of which has made Linux into such a strong, stable, and mature
operating system which is the reason you are using it in the first
place.

How to do it at compile time was asked at: Is there a macro definition to check the Linux kernel version?

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