寻找“实际” QString 中的字符（字素）
假设我有一个可能包含任何 Unicode 字符的 QString，并且我想迭代其字符或对它们进行计数。我所说的“字符”是指用户所感知的内容（大致相当于“字形”），而不仅仅是 QChars（16 位 Unicode 字符）。一些“实际”字符由多个 QChar（代理对；基本字符 + 组合标记）组成。对于某些组合字符，我可能会通过规范化字符串来创建复合字符，但这并不总是有帮助。
我是否忽略了一个将 QString 拆分为“实际”字符的内置函数？
或者如果我必须自己解析它，这是结构（在 EBNF 中）还是我遗漏了什么？
character = ((high_surrogate, low_surrogate) | base_character), {combining_mark}
（base_character 是不是代理或组合字符的每个 QChar）
Let's say I have a QString that may consist of any Unicode characters, and I want to iterate through its characters or count them. And by "characters" I mean what the user perceives as such (so roughly equivalent to "glyphs") and not simply QChars (16-bit Unicode characters). Some "actual" characters are built of several QChars (surrogate pairs; base character + combining marks). For some combining characters I might get away with normalizing the string to create composite characters, but that does not always help.
Have I overlooked a built-in function that splits a QString into "actual" characters?
Or if I have to parse it myself, is this the structure (in EBNF) or am I missing something?
character = ((high_surrogate, low_surrogate) | base_character), {combining_mark}
(with base_character being every QChar that is not a surrogate or combining character)
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经过更多研究，我找到了表示“实际字符”的术语，grapheme，以及用于查找字素边界的 Qt 类：QTextBoundaryFinder。
After more research I found the term for "actual character", grapheme, and with it the Qt class for finding grapheme boundaries: QTextBoundaryFinder.
我不确定组合标记，但对于代理对，我认为您可以使用 QString::toUcs4() 应该返回字符串的 32 位 Unicode 表示形式。
I am not sure about the combining marks, but for the surrogate pairs, I think you can use QString::toUcs4() which should return a 32-bit Unicode representation of your string.