为什么我在系统启动时启动 unicorn 时出现错误？
这是我的独角兽初始化脚本（/etc/init.d/unicorn）：
#! /bin/sh
PATH=/home/josue/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0/bin:/home/josue/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@global/bin:/home/josue/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/bin:/home/josue/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$
DAEMON=/home/josue/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0/bin/unicorn_rails
DAEMON_OPTS="-c /home/josue/sped/current/unicorn.rb -E production -D"
NAME=unicorn_rails
DESC=unicorn_rails
PID=/home/josue/sped/shared/pids/unicorn.pid
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting $DESC: "
exec $DAEMON $DAEMON_OPTS
echo "$NAME."
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "
kill -QUIT `cat $PID`
echo "$NAME."
;;
restart)
echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "
kill -QUIT `cat $PID`
sleep 1
$DAEMON $DAEMON_OPTS
echo "$NAME."
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration: "
kill -HUP `cat $PID`
echo "$NAME."
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload}" >&2
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
当我以普通用户身份登录运行 /etc/init.d/unicorn start 时，它工作正常，但是当我尝试以 root 身份运行，结果是这样的：
Starting unicorn_rails: /home/josue/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/dependency.rb:247:in `to_specs': Could not find unicorn (>= 0) amongst [bigdecimal-1.1.0, io-console-0.3, json-1.5.4, minitest-2.5.1, rake-0.9.2.2, rdoc-3.9.4] (Gem::LoadError)
from /home/josue/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/dependency.rb:256:in `to_spec'
from /home/josue/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems.rb:1210:in `gem'
from /home/josue/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0/bin/unicorn_rails:18:in `<main>'
所以，当服务器启动时，unicorn 不会自动加载。
我正在使用：
- ubuntu 10.04
- rvm
- ruby 1.9.3-p0
This is my init script for unicorn (/etc/init.d/unicorn):
#! /bin/sh
PATH=/home/josue/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0/bin:/home/josue/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@global/bin:/home/josue/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/bin:/home/josue/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$
DAEMON=/home/josue/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0/bin/unicorn_rails
DAEMON_OPTS="-c /home/josue/sped/current/unicorn.rb -E production -D"
NAME=unicorn_rails
DESC=unicorn_rails
PID=/home/josue/sped/shared/pids/unicorn.pid
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting $DESC: "
exec $DAEMON $DAEMON_OPTS
echo "$NAME."
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "
kill -QUIT `cat $PID`
echo "$NAME."
;;
restart)
echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "
kill -QUIT `cat $PID`
sleep 1
$DAEMON $DAEMON_OPTS
echo "$NAME."
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration: "
kill -HUP `cat $PID`
echo "$NAME."
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload}" >&2
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
When I run /etc/init.d/unicorn start logged in as normal user, it works fine, but when I try to run as root, this is the result:
Starting unicorn_rails: /home/josue/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/dependency.rb:247:in `to_specs': Could not find unicorn (>= 0) amongst [bigdecimal-1.1.0, io-console-0.3, json-1.5.4, minitest-2.5.1, rake-0.9.2.2, rdoc-3.9.4] (Gem::LoadError)
from /home/josue/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/dependency.rb:256:in `to_spec'
from /home/josue/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems.rb:1210:in `gem'
from /home/josue/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0/bin/unicorn_rails:18:in `<main>'
So, when the server starts, unicorn is not loaded automatically.
I'm using:
- ubuntu 10.04
- rvm
- ruby 1.9.3-p0
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评论（3）
有几种方法可以使其工作：
遵循您的代码：
使用 rvm 包装器：https://rvm .io/integration/init-d/
There are a few ways to make it work:
Following your code:
Using rvm wrappers: https://rvm.io/integration/init-d/
如果您处于生产环境中，您可能不想以 root 身份安装某些 gem，而其他一些 gem 会与 Rails 应用程序捆绑/安装在一起...
有一种简单的方法可以修复OP问题：还要设置GEM_PATH和GEM_HOME
如果你正确设置了root帐户（~/.bashrc）的PATH、GEM_PATH和GEM_HOME环境变量，那么你将能够使其工作。
例如，unicorn 可执行文件应位于 root 的 PATH 中，并且与 GEM 相关的环境变量应正确设置为在“捆绑安装”期间安装 gem 的位置（例如，这可以位于另一个用户的主目录中）。
启动后，您还应该触摸文件 /var/lock/subsys/$APP_NAME
并在杀死 Unicorns 后删除该文件，以便您的 LINUX 系统知道您的应用程序正在运行。
这对我在生产中非常有效。
我通常将 /etc/init.d/unicorn 脚本重命名为我的应用程序的名称，以防我运行多个应用程序。
If you are in a Production environment, you probably don't want to install some of your gems as root, and some other gems get bundled/installed together with the Rails application...
There is an easy way to fix the OPs problem: also set GEM_PATH and GEM_HOME
If you correctly set the PATH, GEM_PATH and GEM_HOME environment variables for the root account (~/.bashrc) , then you will be able to make it work.
e.g. the unicorn executable should be in root's PATH, and the GEM-related env-variables should be set correctly to where the gems are installed during "bundle install" (e.g. this can be in another user's home directory).
After start, you should also touch a file /var/lock/subsys/$APP_NAME
and remove that file after killing the Unicorns , so that your LINUX system knows that your application is running.
This works very well for me in production.
I typically rename the /etc/init.d/unicorn script to the name of my application, in case I have several Apps running.
看来 Unicorn gem 没有安装在 root 用户下。您是否尝试过以 root 身份登录然后安装它？
It seems the Unicorn gem is not installed under root user. Have you tried to login as root and then install it?