找不到工厂：javax.faces.context.FacesContextFactory

Question

我注意到，当尝试设置在 jetty 上运行的 JSF 2 Web 应用程序时，出现以下错误：

java.lang.IllegalStateException：应用程序不正确 启动时初始化，找不到Factory： javax.faces.context.FacesContextFactory

通过将其添加到我的 web.xml 中可以轻松解决

<listener>
    <listener-class>
        com.sun.faces.config.ConfigureListener
    </listener-class>
</listener>

我尝试寻找详细的解释但徒劳..

jetty-maven-plugin:8.0.3.v20111011:run + jdk 7 + eclipse indigo

这是我的 Maven 依赖项：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.faces</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.3</version>
        <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

这是我的 web.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
    xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    version="2.5">
    <display-name>Basic Setup Web Application</display-name>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/faces/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>faces/index.xhtml</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>
            com.sun.faces.config.ConfigureListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>javax.faces.PROJECT_STAGE</param-name>
        <param-value>Development</param-value>
    </context-param>
</web-app>

这是 jetty 插件的输出：

[INFO] <<< jetty-maven-plugin:8.0.3.v20111011:run (default-cli) @ BasicSetup <<<
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- jetty-maven-plugin:8.0.3.v20111011:run (default-cli) @ BasicSetup ---
[INFO] Configuring Jetty for project: BasicSetup Maven Webapp
[INFO] webAppSourceDirectory C:\Users\albert\workspace\BasicSetup\src\main\webapp does not exist. Defaulting to C:\Users\albert\workspace\BasicSetup\src\main\webapp
[INFO] Reload Mechanic: automatic
[INFO] Classes = C:\Users\albert\workspace\BasicSetup\target\classes
[INFO] Context path = /basicSetup
[INFO] Tmp directory = C:\Users\albert\workspace\BasicSetup\target\tmp
[INFO] Web defaults = org/eclipse/jetty/webapp/webdefault.xml
[INFO] Web overrides =  none
[INFO] web.xml file = file:/C:/Users/albert/workspace/BasicSetup/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml
[INFO] Webapp directory = C:\Users\albert\workspace\BasicSetup\src\main\webapp
2011-10-25 14:24:51.091:INFO:oejs.Server:jetty-8.0.3.v20111011
2011-10-25 14:24:51.334:INFO:oejpw.PlusConfiguration:No Transaction manager found - if your webapp requires one, please configure one.
2011-10-25 14:24:52.108:INFO:oejsh.ContextHandler:started o.m.j.p.JettyWebAppContext{/basicSetup,[file:/C:/Users/albert/workspace/BasicSetup/src/main/webapp/, jar:file:/C:/Users/albert/.m2/repository/org/glassfish/javax.faces/2.1.3/javax.faces-2.1.3.jar!/META-INF/resources/]},file:/C:/Users/albert/workspace/BasicSetup/src/main/webapp/
2011-10-25 14:24:52.108:INFO:oejsh.ContextHandler:started o.m.j.p.JettyWebAppContext{/basicSetup,[file:/C:/Users/albert/workspace/BasicSetup/src/main/webapp/, jar:file:/C:/Users/albert/.m2/repository/org/glassfish/javax.faces/2.1.3/javax.faces-2.1.3.jar!/META-INF/resources/]},file:/C:/Users/albert/workspace/BasicSetup/src/main/webapp/
2011-10-25 14:24:52.108:INFO:oejsh.ContextHandler:started o.m.j.p.JettyWebAppContext{/basicSetup,[file:/C:/Users/albert/workspace/BasicSetup/src/main/webapp/, jar:file:/C:/Users/albert/.m2/repository/org/glassfish/javax.faces/2.1.3/javax.faces-2.1.3.jar!/META-INF/resources/]},file:/C:/Users/albert/workspace/BasicSetup/src/main/webapp/
2011-10-25 14:24:52.149:WARN:/basicSetup:unavailable
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Application was not properly initialized at startup, could not find Factory: javax.faces.context.FacesContextFactory
    at javax.faces.FactoryFinder$FactoryManager.getFactory(FactoryFinder.java:967)
    at javax.faces.FactoryFinder.getFactory(FactoryFinder.java:316)
    at javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet.init(FacesServlet.java:302)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.initServlet(ServletHolder.java:456)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.doStart(ServletHolder.java:276)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:59)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.initialize(ServletHandler.java:779)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.startContext(ServletContextHandler.java:255)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startContext(WebAppContext.java:1212)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java:610)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.doStart(WebAppContext.java:453)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.JettyWebAppContext.doStart(JettyWebAppContext.java:256)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:59)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerCollection.doStart(HandlerCollection.java:224)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandlerCollection.doStart(ContextHandlerCollection.java:167)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:59)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerCollection.doStart(HandlerCollection.java:224)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:59)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.doStart(HandlerWrapper.java:89)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.doStart(Server.java:262)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.JettyServer.doStart(JettyServer.java:65)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:59)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.AbstractJettyMojo.startJetty(AbstractJettyMojo.java:511)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.AbstractJettyMojo.execute(AbstractJettyMojo.java:364)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.JettyRunMojo.execute(JettyRunMojo.java:514)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:107)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:209)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:153)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:145)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:84)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:59)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.singleThreadedBuild(LifecycleStarter.java:183)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:161)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:319)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:156)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:534)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:196)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:141)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:290)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:230)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:409)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:352)
[INFO] Started Jetty Server
2011-10-25 14:24:52.165:INFO:oejs.AbstractConnector:Started [email protected]:8080 STARTING
[INFO] Starting scanner at interval of 10 seconds.

任何想法？

Answer 1

从 JSF 1.x 开始，该侦听器应该由 jsf_core.tld 标记库定义文件自动注册。您可以在 JSF 实现 JAR 文件的 /META-INF 文件夹中找到它。对于 Mojarra 2.1.3（根据日志，您似乎正在使用它），侦听器从第 80 行开始注册如下：

<!-- ============== Configuration Listener ============== -->

<!--
      This ServletContextListener initializes the runtime environment
      of the JavaServer Faces Reference Implementation when a web
      application including it is initialized by the container.
-->
<listener>
   <listener-class>com.sun.faces.config.ConfigureListener</listener-class>
</listener>      

但是，Jetty 显然没有正确接收到该监听器。我还在某处读到，在处理 TLD 文件之前初始化 FacesServlet 时，您也会得到此异常。也许这正在发生在码头。要排除其中一个，请尝试删除 条目，以便仅在第一个具体 HTTP 请求（即 TLD 处理完毕之后）上加载该条目。无论如何，在 web.xml 中显式注册侦听器确实应该可以解决这个问题。

此外，从 JSF 2.x 开始，除了 TLD 文件之外，侦听器还应该由 ServletContainerInitializer 在 JAR 文件中实现，以解决 Glassfish 3 错误。在 Mojarra 2.x 中，这是 com.sun.faces.config.FacesInitializer 类，从第 131 行开始有以下几行：

// The following line is temporary until we can solve an ordering
// issue in V3.  Right now the JSP container looks for a mapping
// of the FacesServlet in the web.xml.  If it's not present, then
// it assumes that the application isn't a faces application.  In this
// case the JSP container will not register the ConfigureListener
// definition from our TLD nor will it parse cause or JSP TLDs to
// be parsed.
servletContext.addListener(com.sun.faces.config.ConfigureListener.class);

这只适用于 Servlet 3.0 容器，例如 Tomcat 7、Glassfish 3 、Jetty 8（据说！）等。您似乎正在使用 Jetty 8.0，因此它应该符合 Servlet 3.0，但是您的web.xml 被声明为符合 Servlet 2.5，因此容器将以 Servlet 2.5 后备模式运行。更改 web.xml 以符合 Servlet 3.0 应该会触发此初始值设定项。

Answer 2

又一个决心：
在使用 wsdl 中的 CXF 即时创建 java 文件后，出现此错误。

JaxWsDynamicClientFactory factory = JaxWsDynamicClientFactory.newInstance();
Client client = factory.createClient(wsdlURL, serviceName);

CXF将自己的ClassLoader（URLClassLoader的实例）放入Thread的类加载器中。它以正常方式工作，直到用户线程进入 JSF 的 FactoryFinder，它由 ClassLoader 作为键进行缓存。
因为ClassLoader改变了，所以它创建了一个新的FactoryManager，这个FactoryManager无法被初始化，因为当原来的FactoryManager启动时，实现实例列表被删除了。因此，找不到实现类，因此抛出 IllegalStateException。

解决方案：在CXF的createClient之前备份原始的ClassLoader，将URLClassLoader保存在变量中，然后将原始的ClassLoader放回到Thread中。
当您想要从 CXF 访问动态类时，请通过放入变量中的 URLClassLoader 搜索它。

Answer 3

我的项目遇到了这个问题，其中包含两个 jar 文件到 lib 文件夹，现在我的问题解决了。谢谢

com.sun.faces:jsf-api:2.2.9
com.sun.faces:jsf-impl:2.2.9