蟒蛇内存泄漏

Question

我有一个像这样创建的“单元”对象数组：

class Cell:
  def __init__(self, index, type, color):
    self.index = index
    self.type = type
    self.score = 0
    self.x = index%grid_size
    self.y = int(index/grid_size)
    self.color = colour


alpha = 0.8
b = 2.0
grid_size = 100
scale = 5

number_cells = grid_size*grid_size
num_cooperators = int(number_cells*alpha)       
cells = range(number_cells)
random.shuffle(cells)
cooperators = cells[0:num_cooperators]
defectors = cells[num_cooperators:number_cells]
cells = [Cell(i, 'C', blue) for i in cooperators]
cells += [Cell(i, 'D', red) for i in defectors]
cells.sort(compare)

我在循环中从它们中获取属性，如下所示：

while 1:
    pixArr = pygame.PixelArray(windowSurfaceObj)
    for cell in cells:
        x = cell.x
        y = cell.y
        color = cell.color
        for y_offset in range(0,scale):
            for x_offset in range(0,scale):
                pixArr[x*scale + x_offset][y*scale + y_offset] = color
    del pixArr
    pygame.display.update()

我疯狂地泄漏内存......发生了什么事？

Answer 1

PixelArray 中似乎存在错误。

以下代码通过在每个循环中设置一个像素来复制内存泄漏，您甚至不必更新显示即可导致问题：

import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
ScreenWidth, ScreenHeight = 640, 480
pygame.init()
Display = pygame.display.set_mode((ScreenWidth,ScreenHeight), 0, 32)
pygame.display.set_caption('Memory Leak Test')
while True:
    PixelArray = pygame.PixelArray(Display)
    PixelArray[ScreenWidth-1][ScreenHeight-1] = (255,255,255)
    del PixelArray
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
#pygame.display.update()

如果您可以处理性能损失，则用（非常短的）行替换直接像素设置可以避免内存泄漏，即： pygame.draw.line(Display, Colour, (X,Y), (X,Y), 1)

Answer 2

Cell 类可以通过使用槽来压缩（内存大小）。这应该会大大减少内存消耗：

class Cell(object):
    __slots__ = ('index', 'type', 'color')
    ...

代码中唯一的大型结构是 pixArr。您可能希望使用 sys.getsizeof 来监视其大小。另一个追踪泄漏的工具是漂亮地打印gc.garbage。