错误消息 -(AttributeError: Worm 实例没有属性 'vx') 是什么意思以及如何修复它？

Question

我一直在关注教程，但不断收到以下错误
AttributeError：蠕虫实例没有属性“move”
我不确定这到底意味着什么或如何解决它。错误指的是第 44 行，该行是 w.move()（这个已解决，请看下面）

import pygame

class Worm:
    """A Worm."""
    def __init__(self, surface, x, y, length):
        self.surface = surface
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.length = length
        self.dir_x = 0
        self.dir_y = -1
        self.body = []
        self.crashed = False

    def key_event(self, event):
        """Handle Key events that affect the worm."""
        if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
            self.dir_x = 0
            self.dir_y = -1
        elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
            self.dir_x = 0
            self.dir_y = 1
        elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
            self.dir_x = -1
            self.dir_y = 0
        elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
            self.dir_x = 1
            self.dir_y = 0 
    def draw(self):
        for x, y in self.body:
            self.surface.set_at((x, y), (255, 255, 255))

width = 640
height = 400

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
running = True

w = Worm(screen, width/2, height/2, 200)

while running:
    screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
    w.move()
    w.draw()

    if w.crashed or w.x <= 0 or w.x >= width -1 or w.y <= 0 or w.y >= height -1:
        print "crash"
        running = False

    for event in  pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            w.key_event(event)

    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(240)

----------Change - --------

代码：

import pygame

class Worm:
    """A Worm."""
    def __init__(self, surface, x, y, length):
        self.surface = surface
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.length = length
        self.dir_x = 0
        self.dir_y = -1
        self.body = []
        self.crashed = False

    def key_event(self, event):
        """Handle Key events that affect the worm."""
        if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
            self.dir_x = 0
            self.dir_y = -1
        elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
            self.dir_x = 0
            self.dir_y = 1
        elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
            self.dir_x = -1
            self.dir_y = 0
        elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
            self.dir_x = 1
            self.dir_y = 0 
    def draw(self):
        for x, y in self.body:
            self.surface.set_at((x, y), (255, 255, 255))
    def move(self):
        """move worm."""
        self.x += self.vx
        self.y += self.vy

        if (self.x, sel.y) in self.body:
            self.crashed = True

        self.body.insert(0, (self.x, self.y))

        if len(self.body) > self.length:
            self.body.pop()

    def draw(self):
        #for x, y self.body:
        #    self.surface.set_at((x, y),self.color)
        x, y = self.body[0]
        self.surface.set_at((x, y), self.color)
        x, y = self.body[-1]
        self.surface.set_at((x, y), (0, 0, 0))


width = 640
height = 400

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
running = True

w = Worm(screen, width/2, height/2, 200)

while running:
    screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
    w.move()
    w.draw()

    if w.crashed or w.x <= 0 or w.x >= width -1 or w.y <= 0 or w.y >= height -1:
        print "crash"
        running = False

    for event in  pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            w.key_event(event)

    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(240)

和错误 -

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/Enrique/Dropbox/Public/snakegametutorial.py", line 65, in <module>
    w.move()
  File "C:/Users/Enrique/Dropbox/Public/snakegametutorial.py", line 34, in move
    self.x += self.vx
AttributeError: Worm instance has no attribute 'vx'

Answer 1

AttributeError 表示您试图访问对象的类定义中未定义的属性或方法。

看起来您在教程代码中还没有取得足够的进展来定义 Worm.move() 方法。它出现在教程的第 43 行，就在 Worm.draw() 之前。您将在 draw() 方法上遇到另一个 AttributeError，因为您还没有定义该错误。只需将这两个添加到 Worm 类定义中即可。

 43     def move(self):
 44         """ Move the worm. """
 45         self.x += self.vx
 46         self.y += self.vy
 47 
 48         if (self.x, self.y) in self.body:
 49             self.crashed = True
 50 
 51         self.body.insert(0, (self.x, self.y))
 52 
 53         if (self.grow_to > self.length):
 54             self.length += 1
 55 
 56         if len(self.body) > self.length:
 57             self.body.pop()
 58
 59     def draw(self):
 60         #for x, y in self.body:
 61         #    self.surface.set_at((x, y), self.color)
 62         x, y = self.body[0]
 63         self.surface.set_at((x, y), self.color)
 64         x, y = self.body[-1]
 65         self.surface.set_at((x, y), (0, 0, 0))

更新

您现在在 Worm.vx 上收到 AttributeError，因为您缺少该属性（还有 vy） ) 来自 Worm.__init__()。将您的代码与教程页面上改进的游戏标题下的代码进行比较。当您遇到更多错误时，请将您的类定义与教程的进行比较。

添加到__init__()

def __init__(self, surface):
    ...
    ...
    self.vx = 0
    self.vy = -1
    ...
    ...

Answer 2

dir_x 和 dir_y 是 vx 和 vy 你应该将它们更改为 vx 和 vy...