如何使用PowerMock模拟私有方法进行测试?

发布于 2024-12-10 15:05:43 字数 215 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我有一个类,我想使用调用私有方法的公共方法来测试该类。我想假设私有方法工作正常。例如,我想要类似 doReturn....when... 的内容。我发现有使用PowerMock的可能解决方案,但这个解决方案对我不起作用。 怎样才能做到呢?有人遇到这个问题吗?

I have a class which I would like to test with a public method that calls private one. I'd like to assume that private method works correctly. For example, I'd like something like doReturn....when.... I found that there is possible solution using PowerMock, but this solution doesn't work for me.
How It can be done? Did anybody have this problem?

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冷︶言冷语的世界 2024-12-17 15:05:43

我不认为这里有问题。通过使用 Mockito API 的以下代码,我成功做到了这一点:

public class CodeWithPrivateMethod {

    public void meaningfulPublicApi() {
        if (doTheGamble("Whatever", 1 << 3)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("boom");
        }
    }

    private boolean doTheGamble(String whatever, int binary) {
        Random random = new Random(System.nanoTime());
        boolean gamble = random.nextBoolean();
        return gamble;
    }
}

这是 JUnit 测试:

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.when;
import static org.powermock.api.support.membermodification.MemberMatcher.method;

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class)
public class CodeWithPrivateMethodTest {

    @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
    public void when_gambling_is_true_then_always_explode() throws Exception {
        CodeWithPrivateMethod spy = PowerMockito.spy(new CodeWithPrivateMethod());

        when(spy, method(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class, "doTheGamble", String.class, int.class))
                .withArguments(anyString(), anyInt())
                .thenReturn(true);

        spy.meaningfulPublicApi();
    }
}

I don't see a problem here. With the following code using the Mockito API, I managed to do just that :

public class CodeWithPrivateMethod {

    public void meaningfulPublicApi() {
        if (doTheGamble("Whatever", 1 << 3)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("boom");
        }
    }

    private boolean doTheGamble(String whatever, int binary) {
        Random random = new Random(System.nanoTime());
        boolean gamble = random.nextBoolean();
        return gamble;
    }
}

And here's the JUnit test :

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.when;
import static org.powermock.api.support.membermodification.MemberMatcher.method;

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class)
public class CodeWithPrivateMethodTest {

    @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
    public void when_gambling_is_true_then_always_explode() throws Exception {
        CodeWithPrivateMethod spy = PowerMockito.spy(new CodeWithPrivateMethod());

        when(spy, method(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class, "doTheGamble", String.class, int.class))
                .withArguments(anyString(), anyInt())
                .thenReturn(true);

        spy.meaningfulPublicApi();
    }
}
晨光如昨 2024-12-17 15:05:43

适用于任何测试框架的通用解决方案(如果您的类不是final)是手动创建您自己的模拟。

  1. 将您的私有方法更改为受保护。
  2. 在您的测试类中,扩展类
  3. 覆盖以前的私有方法以返回您想要的任何常量。

这不使用任何框架,因此它不那么优雅,但它总是可以工作:即使没有 PowerMock。或者,您可以使用 Mockito 执行步骤 2 和 3。如果您已经完成了步骤#1,则#3 适合您。

要直接模拟私有方法,您需要使用 PowerMock,如其他答案中所示。

A generic solution that will work with any testing framework (if your class is non-final) is to manually create your own mock.

  1. Change your private method to protected.
  2. In your test class extend the class
  3. override the previously-private method to return whatever constant you want

This doesn't use any framework so its not as elegant but it will always work: even without PowerMock. Alternatively, you can use Mockito to do steps #2 & #3 for you, if you've done step #1 already.

To mock a private method directly, you'll need to use PowerMock as shown in the other answer.

枫林﹌晚霞¤ 2024-12-17 15:05:43

由于某种原因,布莱斯的回答对我不起作用。我能够对其进行一些操作以使其正常工作。这可能只是因为我有较新版本的 PowerMock。我用的是1.6.5。

import java.util.Random;

public class CodeWithPrivateMethod {

    public void meaningfulPublicApi() {
        if (doTheGamble("Whatever", 1 << 3)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("boom");
        }
    }

    private boolean doTheGamble(String whatever, int binary) {
        Random random = new Random(System.nanoTime());
        boolean gamble = random.nextBoolean();
        return gamble;
    }
}

测试类如下所示:

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.doReturn;

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class)
public class CodeWithPrivateMethodTest {
    private CodeWithPrivateMethod classToTest;

    @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
    public void when_gambling_is_true_then_always_explode() throws Exception {
        classToTest = PowerMockito.spy(classToTest);

        doReturn(true).when(classToTest, "doTheGamble", anyString(), anyInt());

        classToTest.meaningfulPublicApi();
    }
}

For some reason Brice's answer is not working for me. I was able to manipulate it a bit to get it to work. It might just be because I have a newer version of PowerMock. I'm using 1.6.5.

import java.util.Random;

public class CodeWithPrivateMethod {

    public void meaningfulPublicApi() {
        if (doTheGamble("Whatever", 1 << 3)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("boom");
        }
    }

    private boolean doTheGamble(String whatever, int binary) {
        Random random = new Random(System.nanoTime());
        boolean gamble = random.nextBoolean();
        return gamble;
    }
}

The test class looks as follows:

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.doReturn;

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class)
public class CodeWithPrivateMethodTest {
    private CodeWithPrivateMethod classToTest;

    @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
    public void when_gambling_is_true_then_always_explode() throws Exception {
        classToTest = PowerMockito.spy(classToTest);

        doReturn(true).when(classToTest, "doTheGamble", anyString(), anyInt());

        classToTest.meaningfulPublicApi();
    }
}
时光礼记 2024-12-17 15:05:43

我知道一种方法,你可以调用你的私有函数来在mockito中进行测试

@Test
    public  void  commandEndHandlerTest() throws  Exception
    {
        Method retryClientDetail_privateMethod =yourclass.class.getDeclaredMethod("Your_function_name",null);
        retryClientDetail_privateMethod.setAccessible(true);
        retryClientDetail_privateMethod.invoke(yourclass.class, null);
    }

i know a way ny which you can call you private function to test in mockito

@Test
    public  void  commandEndHandlerTest() throws  Exception
    {
        Method retryClientDetail_privateMethod =yourclass.class.getDeclaredMethod("Your_function_name",null);
        retryClientDetail_privateMethod.setAccessible(true);
        retryClientDetail_privateMethod.invoke(yourclass.class, null);
    }
若无相欠,怎会相见 2024-12-17 15:05:43

不带参数:

ourObject = PowerMockito.spy(new OurClass());
when(ourObject , "ourPrivateMethodName").thenReturn("mocked result");

String 参数:

ourObject = PowerMockito.spy(new OurClass());
when(ourObject, method(OurClass.class, "ourPrivateMethodName", String.class))
                .withArguments(anyString()).thenReturn("mocked result");

With no argument:

ourObject = PowerMockito.spy(new OurClass());
when(ourObject , "ourPrivateMethodName").thenReturn("mocked result");

With String argument:

ourObject = PowerMockito.spy(new OurClass());
when(ourObject, method(OurClass.class, "ourPrivateMethodName", String.class))
                .withArguments(anyString()).thenReturn("mocked result");
旧梦荧光笔 2024-12-17 15:05:43

需要考虑的事情

确保私有函数正在调用另一个公共函数,并且您只能继续模拟公共函数。

Something to Consider

Make sure the private function is calling another public function and you can proceed only mocking the public function.

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