C# 继承：静态字段与非静态字段

Question

我有一个库基类 (Controller) 和三个继承自 Controller 的子类（Sensor、Output和 Environment），其中：

public class Controller
{
   private SerialPort serial;
   private Sensor sensorSettings;
   private Output outputSettings;
   private Environment environmentSettings;       


   protected Dictionary<int, string> ErrorDescriptions
   { get{ this.errorDescriptions; } }

   protected SerialPort ControllerSerialPort
   { get{ this.serial; } }

   protected Sensor SensorSettings
   { get{ this.sensorSettings; } }

   // The other sub-class get properties.

   protected string SendReceive(string controllerCommand)
   { ... }

   ...
 }

 public class Sensor : Controller {...}
 ... // Other sub-classes

我的问题是：我应该将 errorDescriptions 设为静态吗？这些错误描述不会因控制器而异（即静态），但我不确定继承的类中会发生什么。我是否必须在 Sensor 类中将它们称为 Sensor.errorDescription 还是仍然是 Controller.errorDescription？

编辑

哇，我刚刚意识到我搞砸了。我认为应该是这样的：

private abstract class ControllerBasics
{
   protected SerialPort serial;  // The serial port to communicate with the controller.
   protected Dictionary<int, string> errorDescriptions = new Dictionary<int, string> {...};   // Possible errors for the controller (known and fixed). Won't change from controller to controller.
   public enum Sensors {One, Two, ...};   // Possible sensor selection.

   public string SendReceiveCommand(string command){...} // Method to send string command over "serial".       
}

public class OverallController : ControllerBasics // The controller class.
{       
   // Add top-level controller settings.
   private string controllerName = "Controller1"; // Have a property to get/set.
   private bool controllerON; // Controller on/off. Have property to get/set.
   ... // Other similar fields and methods.

   // Used to "sort" the controller's many settings/functions.
   private SensorSettings sensorSettings;  // Have get/set properties for these so I could do the following: overallControllerInstance.GetSensorSettingsProperty.SetActiveSensorCount(5);
   private OutputSettings outputSettings;
   private EnvironmentSettings environmentSettings;

   public OverallController(string name, string comPort, ...)  // Constructor.
   {
      // Basic settings initialization.
      // Create serial port.
      this.sensorSettings = new SensorSettings(this.serial);
      this.outputSettings = ...
}

public class SensorSettings : ControllerBasics // Class to hold the controller's specific sensor settings and their respective get/set methods. Not a new type of controller.
{
   private int activeSensorCount; // Have public method to get/set.
   ... // Others.

  public void SetActiveSensorCount(int sensorCount)
  {
     // Send command using inherited SendReceive().
  }
  ... // Others.
}

public class OutputSettings : ControllerBasics   // Same logic as SensorSettings.
{
   private string units; // Have public method to get/set.
   ... // Others.

  public string GetUnitType()  // Meters, mm, um...
  {
     // Send command using inherited SendReceive().
  }
  ... // Others.
}

public class EnvironmentSettings : ControllerBasics   // Same logic as SensorSettings.
{
   ...
}

因此，如果 ControllerBasics 中定义的 errorDescriptions 已知且已修复（并且在所有派生类中都需要），我应该将其设为静态还是应该将其设为静态让它受到保护，每个派生类都会有它自己的字典（即 this.errorDescriptions）？

Answer 1

无论您有多少个子类，都只会有一个静态变量。它是否意味着因子类而异，或者它是真正一个全局映射？如果是后者，那么静态变量就合适了。如果没有……好吧，有多种选择，但您需要告诉我们您使用地图的目的。

Answer 2

如果您只需要字典的一个实例，请将其更改为受保护的静态。此外，为了线程安全，您应该使用 ConcurrentDictionary 来代替。

在派生类中，您可以使用 Controller.errorDescription 访问该字段

Answer 3

那么，私有成员对您的派生类不可见。为此，您需要受保护的成员或财产。在类中，您可以将其称为 errorDescriptions 或 this.errorDescriptions。

我会非常警惕有一个静态的、受保护的成员变量，它不是线程安全的，并且可以被派生类改变。那只是自找麻烦。