Python 不会“看到”一个包裹
我按照本教程在我的 CentOS 5.5 上安装 python2.7: http://villaroad.com/ 2010/10/rolling-python-2-6-2-on-centos-5-3/
安装 python 2.7 后我得到:
/opt/python2.7$ ls -la
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 2011-10-01 22:32 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2011-10-01 22:32 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-10-09 19:51 bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2011-10-01 22:32 include
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2011-10-01 23:34 lib
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2011-10-01 22:32 share
/opt/python2.7$ ls -la bin
total 88
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-10-09 19:51 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 2011-10-01 22:32 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 105 2011-10-01 22:32 2to3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 296 2011-10-09 19:49 easy_install
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 304 2011-10-09 19:49 easy_install-2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 103 2011-10-01 22:32 idle
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 254 2011-10-03 01:37 pip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 262 2011-10-03 01:37 pip-2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 88 2011-10-01 22:32 pydoc
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11783 2011-10-01 23:34 python
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11783 2011-10-01 23:34 python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1628 2011-10-01 23:34 python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 2011-10-01 23:34 python-config -> python2.7-config
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18551 2011-10-01 22:32 smtpd.py
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 289 2011-10-09 19:51 virtualenv
我使用/opt/python2.7/bin/virtualenv
二进制文件在 /var/www/myproj/env
中创建环境
cd /var/www/myproj
virtualenv --no-site-packages -p /opt/python2.7/bin/python \
--clear --prompt="(myproj.com) " env
激活它,然后执行 pip install Flask。 pip 将 Flask 安装到 env/lib/python2.7/site-packages
并且它不在 sys.path 上
$ python
Python 2.7.2 (default, Oct 1 2011, 23:29:08)
[GCC 4.4.1] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import flask
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named flask
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg',
'/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.0.2-py2.7.egg',
'/opt/python2.7/lib/python27.zip', '/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7',
'/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
'/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',
'/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages']
我尝试了相同的操作,但使用 easy_install
而不是 pip< /code> - 相同的结果。
Flask安装在env/lib/python2.7/site-packages
下,所以主要问题是:virtualenv
不必添加env/lib/ python2.7/site-packages
到 python 的 sys 路径?如果没有,我该怎么做更好:
- 在运行时在 python 路径上添加适当的 site-packages 目录(例如,在我的烧瓶中添加
sys.path.insert(0,
应用程序,) - 修改系统的
PYTHONPATH
或 - 触发 virtualenv 的
after_install
方法将
添加到 python 的路径
?
中 信息: 我已经添加到用户和 root 的 ~/.bash_profile (Ubuntu 上的 ~/.profile)
alias python='/opt/python2.7/bin/python'
alias python2.7='/opt/python2.7/bin/python'
PATH=$PATH:/opt/python2.7/bin
中,source ~/.profile
which python 生成 /usr/bin/python
,它是 2.6.4 (嗯……)
Python 2.6.4 (r264:75706, Dec 7 2009, 18:43:55)
[GCC 4.4.1] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
很奇怪,但是如果我运行 python
我会得到正确的版本:
$ python
Python 2.7.2 (default, Oct 1 2011, 23:29:08)
[GCC 4.4.1] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
更奇怪的是,在遵循 python2.7 安装教程之后,我在 which python
命令上得到了 /opt/python2.7/bin/python
。无论如何,问题就在那里,我们将不胜感激。请考虑一下我是一个Python新手,-可能这是我在这里问的一个愚蠢的问题。
I followed this tutorial in order to install python2.7 on my CentOS 5.5:
http://villaroad.com/2010/10/rolling-python-2-6-2-on-centos-5-3/
After installation of python 2.7 I've got:
/opt/python2.7$ ls -la
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 2011-10-01 22:32 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2011-10-01 22:32 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-10-09 19:51 bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2011-10-01 22:32 include
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2011-10-01 23:34 lib
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2011-10-01 22:32 share
/opt/python2.7$ ls -la bin
total 88
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-10-09 19:51 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 2011-10-01 22:32 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 105 2011-10-01 22:32 2to3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 296 2011-10-09 19:49 easy_install
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 304 2011-10-09 19:49 easy_install-2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 103 2011-10-01 22:32 idle
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 254 2011-10-03 01:37 pip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 262 2011-10-03 01:37 pip-2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 88 2011-10-01 22:32 pydoc
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11783 2011-10-01 23:34 python
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11783 2011-10-01 23:34 python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1628 2011-10-01 23:34 python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 2011-10-01 23:34 python-config -> python2.7-config
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18551 2011-10-01 22:32 smtpd.py
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 289 2011-10-09 19:51 virtualenv
I use /opt/python2.7/bin/virtualenv
binary to create an environment in /var/www/myproj/env
cd /var/www/myproj
virtualenv --no-site-packages -p /opt/python2.7/bin/python \
--clear --prompt="(myproj.com) " env
Activate it, and do pip install flask. pip installes flask to env/lib/python2.7/site-packages
and it's not on sys.path
$ python
Python 2.7.2 (default, Oct 1 2011, 23:29:08)
[GCC 4.4.1] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import flask
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named flask
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg',
'/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.0.2-py2.7.egg',
'/opt/python2.7/lib/python27.zip', '/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7',
'/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
'/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',
'/opt/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages']
I tried the same but using easy_install
instead of pip
- same result.
Flask is installed under env/lib/python2.7/site-packages
, so the main question is: don't virtualenv
have to add env/lib/python2.7/site-packages
to the python's sys path? If not, what do I do better:
- add an appropriate site-packages directory on python path at runtime (e.g.
sys.path.insert(0, <path to site-packages>)
in my flask application, - modify system's
PYTHONPATH
or - trigger virtualenv's
after_install
method to add<path to site-packages>
to python's path
?
some more info:
I've added to user's and root's ~/.bash_profile (~/.profile on Ubuntu)
alias python='/opt/python2.7/bin/python'
alias python2.7='/opt/python2.7/bin/python'
PATH=$PATH:/opt/python2.7/bin
did source ~/.profile
which python produces /usr/bin/python
which is 2.6.4 (hmmmm...)
Python 2.6.4 (r264:75706, Dec 7 2009, 18:43:55)
[GCC 4.4.1] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
Odd enough, but if I run python
I'm getting the right version:
$ python
Python 2.7.2 (default, Oct 1 2011, 23:29:08)
[GCC 4.4.1] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
What is even more odd is that after following to the python2.7 installation tutorial I was getting /opt/python2.7/bin/python
on which python
command. Anyway, the question is up there, any help is appreciated. Please, consider that I'm a python newbie, - probably it's a silly question I'm asking here.
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每当您使用 Bash 运行命令时,它都会缓存该命令的位置。这可能就是您在这里遇到的情况。使用
hash -r
清理缓存。请注意,您的系统中现在有三个 python:系统的 2.6 在 /usr/bin 中,2.7 在 /opt/python2.7/bin/ 中,virtualenv 的 2.7 在 env/bin 中。只有最后一个安装了烧瓶。请特别确保您正在拨打该电话。
另外,不要弄乱 .bash_profile。特别是root的.bash_profile——你不需要flask的root权限,是吗?坚持使用 virtualenv,它更干净,而且搞乱系统的可能性也低得多。
(话虽如此,$PATH 会被扫描以查找第一个匹配项,因此您需要
export PATH=/opt/ 而不是
。但那是下次您需要更改 $PATH 时使用的,不是现在。)PATH=$PATH:/opt/python2.7/bin
python2.7/bin:$PATHWhenever you run a a command with Bash, it caches the command's location. That may be what you're running into here. Use
hash -r
to clean the cache.Note that you have three pythons in your system now: the system's 2.6 in /usr/bin, the 2.7 in /opt/python2.7/bin/, and the virtualenv's 2.7 in env/bin. Only the last one has flask installed. Make extra sure you're caling that one.
Also, don't mess with the .bash_profile. Especially root's .bash_profile – you don't need root privileges for flask, do you? Stick to a virtualenv, it's much cleaner and there's a much lower chance you'll mess up your system.
(That being said, $PATH is scanned for the first match, so instead of
PATH=$PATH:/opt/python2.7/bin
you'd wantexport PATH=/opt/python2.7/bin:$PATH
. But that's for the next time you need to change $PATH, not for now.)