从 Cron.d 运行 Python 脚本
我正在尝试通过安装在 Ubuntu 上 /etc/cron.d/mycron 的 crontab 运行 Django 管理命令。
我首先通过将以下内容写入 /etc/cron.d/mycron 来测试我的基本设置:
* * * * * root command echo "Test $(date)" 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
我确认 /tmp/mycron.log 每分钟更新一次并包含预期的文本。
然后,我使用实际管理命令尝试了以下变体:
* * * * * root command python /path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
* * * * * root command /usr/bin/python /path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
* * * * * root command /path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
* * * * * python /path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
* * * * * /path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
* * * * * /usr/bin/python /path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
即使生成了日志文件,它也不包含管理命令输出的预期日志文本。
每次变化后,我都会运行 sudo touch /etc/cron.d/ 来重新加载 cron。即使我的 Python 代码中有错误,我也希望记录某种错误消息。
我检查了 tail -f /var/log/syslog
,它显示的唯一错误是不以“root”开头的 crontab,它给了我错误:
Error: bad username; while reading /etc/cron.d/mycron
对于所有对于其他人,我看到类似的内容:
Oct 7 10:54:01 localhost CRON[27805]: (root) CMD (/path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log)
但是没有任何内容写入日志,并且我期望发生的数据库更改没有发生。我做错了什么?
I'm trying to run a Django management command via a crontab installed to /etc/cron.d/mycron on Ubuntu.
I first tested my basic setup by writing the following to /etc/cron.d/mycron:
* * * * * root command echo "Test $(date)" 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
And I confirmed /tmp/mycron.log was updated once a minute and contains the expected text.
I then tried the following variations using my actual management command:
* * * * * root command python /path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
* * * * * root command /usr/bin/python /path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
* * * * * root command /path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
* * * * * python /path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
* * * * * /path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
* * * * * /usr/bin/python /path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log
And even though the log file is generated, it contains none of the expected logging text my management command outputs.
After each variation, I run sudo touch /etc/cron.d/
to reload cron. Even if there was an error in my Python code, I'd expect some sort of error message to get logged.
I've checked tail -f /var/log/syslog
, and the only errors it shows are for crontabs that don't start with "root", for which it gives me the error:
Error: bad username; while reading /etc/cron.d/mycron
For all the others, I see something like:
Oct 7 10:54:01 localhost CRON[27805]: (root) CMD (/path/to/my/script/manage.py mycommand 2>&1 >> /tmp/mycron.log)
But nothing's written to the log, and the database changes I expect to happen aren't occuring. What am I doing wrong?
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您需要的输出位于
/tmp/mycron.log
中,或邮寄到root
。从root
下输入mail
进行检查。另外,你为什么要尝试不同的变化? crontab 文件的语法是严格定义的(
man crontab -S 5
),对于 /etc/crontab 来说是:对于个人 crontab 来说是:
You can't omit user name in /etc/crontab ,也不能使用
/usr/bin/python
代替用户名。您也不需要
command
这个词,它之所以有效,是因为有一个具有该名称的内置 bash 函数,它显然只是从它的参数运行一个命令。正确的行必须是以下任一行:
在第一种情况下,
manage.py
必须是可执行的 (chmod +x manage.py
),并且它的第一行必须是#!/usr/bin/python
,或者任何你的Python解释器路径。The output you need is either in
/tmp/mycron.log
, or mailed toroot
. Typemail
from underroot
to check.Also, why are you trying different variations? The syntax of crontab files is strictly defined (
man crontab -S 5
), for /etc/crontab it is:for personal crontabs, it is:
You can't omit user name in /etc/crontab, neither you can use
/usr/bin/python
in place of user name.You also don't need the word
command
, it only works because there is built-in bash function with this name which apparently just runs a command from it's arguments.The correct line must be either of:
In the first case,
manage.py
must be executable (chmod +x manage.py
) and it's first line must be#!/usr/bin/python
, or whatever your python interpreter path is.