XmlIninclude :列表和数组

发布于 2024-12-08 02:15:34 字数 1682 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我有一个对象,其变量为 object,我想在 XML 中序列化它。

为此,我添加了一些 XmlInclude 属性,以便管理所有可以使用的类型。

[Serializable]
[XmlInclude(typeof(short[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(ushort[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(int[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(uint[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(ulong[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(long[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(byte[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(decimal[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(float[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(double[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(string[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<short>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<ushort>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<int>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<uint>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<long>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<ulong>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<byte>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<decimal>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<float>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<double>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(MyObject))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(TimeSpan))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(OtherObject))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(MySubObject1))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(MySubObject2))]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "mc")]
public class MyClass: IComparable
{
    [XmlElement("fm")]
    public object FirstMember;

    [XmlElement("sm")]
    public object SecondMember;

    [XmlElement("tm")]
    public object ThirdMember;
}

我的问题是数组和列表声明不共存。

奇怪的是,如果将数组属性放在前面,则数组成员会被正确序列化,但列表成员不会被正确序列化。反之亦然。

自定义类和派生类可以正常工作,但 ListArray 则不行。我只能找到类的示例,但我使用原始类型。

有人有主意吗?

PS:我知道我的帖子类似于 这个,但自 2011 年以来一直没有答案。

I have an object that have variables as object, and I want to serialize it in XML.

To do so, I've added some XmlInclude attributes in order to manage all the types that can be used.

[Serializable]
[XmlInclude(typeof(short[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(ushort[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(int[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(uint[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(ulong[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(long[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(byte[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(decimal[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(float[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(double[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(string[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<short>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<ushort>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<int>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<uint>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<long>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<ulong>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<byte>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<decimal>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<float>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<double>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(MyObject))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(TimeSpan))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(OtherObject))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(MySubObject1))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(MySubObject2))]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "mc")]
public class MyClass: IComparable
{
    [XmlElement("fm")]
    public object FirstMember;

    [XmlElement("sm")]
    public object SecondMember;

    [XmlElement("tm")]
    public object ThirdMember;
}

My issue is that array and list declarations don't coexist.

And weird thing, if the array attributes are placed first, the array members are correctly serialized, but not the list ones. And vice-versa.

The custom classes and derived ones work fine, but List and Array don't. I can only find example with classes, but I use primitive types.

Does anyone have an idea ?

P.S.: I know that my post is similar of this one, but it has no answer since 2011.

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评论(1

云淡风轻 2024-12-15 02:15:34

我可以重现该问题。发生这种情况是因为 XmlSerializer 为数组和列表(在本例中为字符串)生成相同的 XML:

 ;
    
        <字符串>列表
        <字符串>条目
    

由于序列化程序使用相同的 xsi:type 多态名称,"ArrayOfString",对于 string[]List,当它发现可能遇到两者的情况时,它抛出一个例外,因为它无法区分它们。

为什么 XmlSerializer 两者使用相同的名称?我只能猜测它可以交换通过序列化不同集合类型(例如从 ListSortedSet)创建的 XML,而无需修复XML 文件格式。

但是,就您的情况而言,您需要在 XML 中区分这些类型的集合,而不是互换它们。因此,您将需要创建某种包装类,以允许在文件中区分它们。

例如,请考虑对您的类进行以下简化:

[XmlInclude(typeof(string))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(string[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(object[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<object>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(SortedSet<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(SortedSet<object>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(HashSet<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(HashSet<object>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(LinkedList<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(LinkedList<object>))]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "mc")]
public class MyClass
{
    [XmlElement("fm")]
    public object FirstMember;
}

这里 FirstMember 可以包含一个字符串、一个字符串或对象数组,或者各种类型的字符串或对象集合。

要为各种类型的集合建立不同的 xsi:type 值,可以引入以下通用包装类型:

/// <summary>
/// Abstract base type for a generic collection wrapper where, to differentiate 
/// between arrays and lists and other types of collections of the same underlying
/// item type, it is necessary to introduce an intermediary type to establish 
/// distinct xsi:type values.
/// </summary>
public abstract class CollectionWrapper
{
    [XmlIgnore]
    public abstract IEnumerable RealCollection { get; }

    static bool TryCreateWrapperType<TElement>(Type actualType, out Type wrapperType)
    {
        if (actualType.IsArray 
            || actualType.IsPrimitive 
            || actualType == typeof(string) 
            || !typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(actualType)
            || actualType == typeof(TElement) // Not polymorphic
            || !actualType.IsGenericType)
        {
            wrapperType = null;
            return false;
        }
        var args = actualType.GetGenericArguments();
        if (args.Length != 1)
        {
            wrapperType = null;
            return false;
        }
        if (actualType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(List<>))
        {
            wrapperType = typeof(ListWrapper<>).MakeGenericType(args);
        }
        else if (actualType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(HashSet<>))
        {
            wrapperType = typeof(HashSetWrapper<>).MakeGenericType(args);
        }
        else if (actualType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(SortedSet<>))
        {
            wrapperType = typeof(SortedSetWrapper<>).MakeGenericType(args);
        }
        else 
        {
            var collectionTypes = actualType.GetCollectionItemTypes().ToList();
            if (collectionTypes.SequenceEqual(args))
                wrapperType = typeof(CollectionWrapper<,>).MakeGenericType(new [] { actualType, args[0] });
            else
            {
                wrapperType = null;
                return false;
            }
        }

        if (!typeof(TElement).IsAssignableFrom(wrapperType))
        {
            wrapperType = null;
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    public static TElement Wrap<TElement>(TElement item)
    {
        if (item == null)
            return item;
        var type = item.GetType();
        if (type == typeof(TElement))
            return item;
        Type wrapperType;
        if (!TryCreateWrapperType<TElement>(type, out wrapperType))
            return item;
        return (TElement)Activator.CreateInstance(wrapperType, item);
    }

    public static TElement Unwrap<TElement>(TElement item)
    {
        if (item is CollectionWrapper)
            return (TElement)((CollectionWrapper)(object)item).RealCollection;
        return item;
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Generic wrapper type for a generic collection of items.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TCollection"></typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TElement"></typeparam>
public class CollectionWrapper<TCollection, TElement> : CollectionWrapper where TCollection : ICollection<TElement>, new()
{
    public class CollectionWrapperEnumerable : IEnumerable<TElement>
    {
        readonly TCollection collection;

        public CollectionWrapperEnumerable(TCollection collection)
        {
            this.collection = collection;
        }

        public void Add(TElement item)
        {
            collection.Add(CollectionWrapper.Unwrap<TElement>(item));
        }

        #region IEnumerable<TElement> Members

        public IEnumerator<TElement> GetEnumerator()
        {
            foreach (var item in collection)
                yield return CollectionWrapper.Wrap(item);
        }

        #endregion

        #region IEnumerable Members

        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
        {
            return GetEnumerator();
        }

        #endregion
    }

    readonly TCollection collection;
    readonly CollectionWrapperEnumerable enumerable;

    public CollectionWrapper()
        : this(new TCollection())
    {
    }

    public CollectionWrapper(TCollection collection)
    {
        if (collection == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException();
        this.collection = collection;
        this.enumerable = new CollectionWrapperEnumerable(collection);
    }

    [XmlElement("Item")]
    public CollectionWrapperEnumerable SerializableEnumerable { get { return enumerable; } }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public override IEnumerable RealCollection { get { return collection; } }
}

// These three subclasses of CollectionWrapper for commonly encounterd collections were introduced to improve readability

public class ListWrapper<TElement> : CollectionWrapper<List<TElement>, TElement>
{
    public ListWrapper() : base() { }

    public ListWrapper(List<TElement> list) : base(list) { }
}

public class HashSetWrapper<TElement> : CollectionWrapper<HashSet<TElement>, TElement>
{
    public HashSetWrapper() : base() { }

    public HashSetWrapper(HashSet<TElement> list) : base(list) { }
}

public class SortedSetWrapper<TElement> : CollectionWrapper<SortedSet<TElement>, TElement>
{
    public SortedSetWrapper() : base() { }

    public SortedSetWrapper(SortedSet<TElement> list) : base(list) { }
}

public static class TypeExtensions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Return all interfaces implemented by the incoming type as well as the type itself if it is an interface.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="type"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static IEnumerable<Type> GetInterfacesAndSelf(this Type type)
    {
        if (type == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException();
        if (type.IsInterface)
            return new[] { type }.Concat(type.GetInterfaces());
        else
            return type.GetInterfaces();
    }

    public static IEnumerable<Type> GetCollectionItemTypes(this Type type)
    {
        foreach (Type intType in type.GetInterfacesAndSelf())
        {
            if (intType.IsGenericType
                && intType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(IEnumerable<>))
            {
                yield return intType.GetGenericArguments()[0];
            }
        }
    }
}

然后在简化的类中使用,如下所示:

[XmlInclude(typeof(string))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(string[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(object[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(ListWrapper<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(ListWrapper<object>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(SortedSetWrapper<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(SortedSetWrapper<object>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(HashSetWrapper<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(HashSetWrapper<object>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(CollectionWrapper<LinkedList<string>, string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(CollectionWrapper<LinkedList<object>, object>))]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "mc")]
public class MyClass
{
    [XmlElement("fm")]
    [JsonIgnore]
    public object XmlFirstMember
    {
        get
        {
            return CollectionWrapper.Wrap(FirstMember);
        }
        set
        {
            FirstMember = CollectionWrapper.Unwrap(value);
        }
    }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public object FirstMember;
}

然后,对于简单的字符串列表:

var myClass = new MyClass { FirstMember = new List<string> { "list", "entry" } };

以下生成 XML:

 ;
    
        <项目>列表
        <项目>条目
    

如您所见,xsi:type 现在是不同的。

如果我创建以下更复杂的对象:

var myClass = new MyClass
{
    FirstMember = new List<object>
    {
        new List<object> { new List<object> { new List<object> { "hello" } }, "there" },
        new HashSet<string> { "hello", "hello", "there" },
        new SortedSet<string> { "hello", "hello", "there" },
        new LinkedList<object>( new object [] { new LinkedList<string>( new [] { "hello", "there" }) }),
    }
};

将生成以下 XML:

 ;
    
        <项目 xsi:type="ListWrapperOfObject">
            <项目 xsi:type="ListWrapperOfObject">
                <项目 xsi:type="ListWrapperOfObject">
                    <项目 xsi:type="xsd:string">你好
                
            
            <项目 xsi:type="xsd:string">有
        
        <项目 xsi:type="HashSetWrapperOfString">
            <项目>你好
            <项目>有
        
        <项目 xsi:type="SortedSetWrapperOfString">
            <项目>你好
            <项目>有
        
        <项目 xsi:type="CollectionWrapperOfLinkedListOfObjectObject">
            <项目 xsi:type="CollectionWrapperOfLinkedListOfStringString">
                <项目>你好
                <项目>有
            
        
    

每种不同的集合类型都有其独特的xsi:type

I can reproduce the problem. It happens because XmlSerializer generates the same XML for both an array and a list (of strings, in this case):

<mc xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
    <fm xsi:type="ArrayOfString">
        <string>list</string>
        <string>entry</string>
    </fm>
</mc>

Since the serializer uses the same xsi:type polymorphic name, "ArrayOfString", for both string[] and List<string>, when it finds a situation where both might be encountered, it throws an exception, since it cannot distinguish between them.

Why does does XmlSerializer use the same name for both? I can only guess that it enables interchanging XML created by serializing different collection types (from List<TElement> to SortedSet<TElement>, for instance) without a need to fix the XML file format.

But, in your case, you need to distinguish between these types of collections in XML, rather than interchange them. Thus you are going to need to create some sort of wrapper class that allows them to be distinguished in the file.

For instance, consider the following simplification of your class:

[XmlInclude(typeof(string))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(string[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(object[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(List<object>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(SortedSet<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(SortedSet<object>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(HashSet<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(HashSet<object>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(LinkedList<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(LinkedList<object>))]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "mc")]
public class MyClass
{
    [XmlElement("fm")]
    public object FirstMember;
}

Here FirstMember can contain a string, an array of strings or objects, or various types of collection of strings or objects.

To establish distinct xsi:type values for various types of collection, the following generic wrapper types can be introduced:

/// <summary>
/// Abstract base type for a generic collection wrapper where, to differentiate 
/// between arrays and lists and other types of collections of the same underlying
/// item type, it is necessary to introduce an intermediary type to establish 
/// distinct xsi:type values.
/// </summary>
public abstract class CollectionWrapper
{
    [XmlIgnore]
    public abstract IEnumerable RealCollection { get; }

    static bool TryCreateWrapperType<TElement>(Type actualType, out Type wrapperType)
    {
        if (actualType.IsArray 
            || actualType.IsPrimitive 
            || actualType == typeof(string) 
            || !typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(actualType)
            || actualType == typeof(TElement) // Not polymorphic
            || !actualType.IsGenericType)
        {
            wrapperType = null;
            return false;
        }
        var args = actualType.GetGenericArguments();
        if (args.Length != 1)
        {
            wrapperType = null;
            return false;
        }
        if (actualType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(List<>))
        {
            wrapperType = typeof(ListWrapper<>).MakeGenericType(args);
        }
        else if (actualType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(HashSet<>))
        {
            wrapperType = typeof(HashSetWrapper<>).MakeGenericType(args);
        }
        else if (actualType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(SortedSet<>))
        {
            wrapperType = typeof(SortedSetWrapper<>).MakeGenericType(args);
        }
        else 
        {
            var collectionTypes = actualType.GetCollectionItemTypes().ToList();
            if (collectionTypes.SequenceEqual(args))
                wrapperType = typeof(CollectionWrapper<,>).MakeGenericType(new [] { actualType, args[0] });
            else
            {
                wrapperType = null;
                return false;
            }
        }

        if (!typeof(TElement).IsAssignableFrom(wrapperType))
        {
            wrapperType = null;
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    public static TElement Wrap<TElement>(TElement item)
    {
        if (item == null)
            return item;
        var type = item.GetType();
        if (type == typeof(TElement))
            return item;
        Type wrapperType;
        if (!TryCreateWrapperType<TElement>(type, out wrapperType))
            return item;
        return (TElement)Activator.CreateInstance(wrapperType, item);
    }

    public static TElement Unwrap<TElement>(TElement item)
    {
        if (item is CollectionWrapper)
            return (TElement)((CollectionWrapper)(object)item).RealCollection;
        return item;
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Generic wrapper type for a generic collection of items.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TCollection"></typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TElement"></typeparam>
public class CollectionWrapper<TCollection, TElement> : CollectionWrapper where TCollection : ICollection<TElement>, new()
{
    public class CollectionWrapperEnumerable : IEnumerable<TElement>
    {
        readonly TCollection collection;

        public CollectionWrapperEnumerable(TCollection collection)
        {
            this.collection = collection;
        }

        public void Add(TElement item)
        {
            collection.Add(CollectionWrapper.Unwrap<TElement>(item));
        }

        #region IEnumerable<TElement> Members

        public IEnumerator<TElement> GetEnumerator()
        {
            foreach (var item in collection)
                yield return CollectionWrapper.Wrap(item);
        }

        #endregion

        #region IEnumerable Members

        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
        {
            return GetEnumerator();
        }

        #endregion
    }

    readonly TCollection collection;
    readonly CollectionWrapperEnumerable enumerable;

    public CollectionWrapper()
        : this(new TCollection())
    {
    }

    public CollectionWrapper(TCollection collection)
    {
        if (collection == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException();
        this.collection = collection;
        this.enumerable = new CollectionWrapperEnumerable(collection);
    }

    [XmlElement("Item")]
    public CollectionWrapperEnumerable SerializableEnumerable { get { return enumerable; } }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public override IEnumerable RealCollection { get { return collection; } }
}

// These three subclasses of CollectionWrapper for commonly encounterd collections were introduced to improve readability

public class ListWrapper<TElement> : CollectionWrapper<List<TElement>, TElement>
{
    public ListWrapper() : base() { }

    public ListWrapper(List<TElement> list) : base(list) { }
}

public class HashSetWrapper<TElement> : CollectionWrapper<HashSet<TElement>, TElement>
{
    public HashSetWrapper() : base() { }

    public HashSetWrapper(HashSet<TElement> list) : base(list) { }
}

public class SortedSetWrapper<TElement> : CollectionWrapper<SortedSet<TElement>, TElement>
{
    public SortedSetWrapper() : base() { }

    public SortedSetWrapper(SortedSet<TElement> list) : base(list) { }
}

public static class TypeExtensions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Return all interfaces implemented by the incoming type as well as the type itself if it is an interface.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="type"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static IEnumerable<Type> GetInterfacesAndSelf(this Type type)
    {
        if (type == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException();
        if (type.IsInterface)
            return new[] { type }.Concat(type.GetInterfaces());
        else
            return type.GetInterfaces();
    }

    public static IEnumerable<Type> GetCollectionItemTypes(this Type type)
    {
        foreach (Type intType in type.GetInterfacesAndSelf())
        {
            if (intType.IsGenericType
                && intType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(IEnumerable<>))
            {
                yield return intType.GetGenericArguments()[0];
            }
        }
    }
}

And then used in your simplified class as follows:

[XmlInclude(typeof(string))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(string[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(object[]))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(ListWrapper<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(ListWrapper<object>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(SortedSetWrapper<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(SortedSetWrapper<object>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(HashSetWrapper<string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(HashSetWrapper<object>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(CollectionWrapper<LinkedList<string>, string>))]
[XmlInclude(typeof(CollectionWrapper<LinkedList<object>, object>))]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "mc")]
public class MyClass
{
    [XmlElement("fm")]
    [JsonIgnore]
    public object XmlFirstMember
    {
        get
        {
            return CollectionWrapper.Wrap(FirstMember);
        }
        set
        {
            FirstMember = CollectionWrapper.Unwrap(value);
        }
    }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public object FirstMember;
}

Then, for a simple list of strings:

var myClass = new MyClass { FirstMember = new List<string> { "list", "entry" } };

The following XML is generated:

<mc xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
    <fm xsi:type="ListWrapperOfString">
        <Item>list</Item>
        <Item>entry</Item>
    </fm>
</mc>

As you can see, the xsi:type is now distinct.

And if I create the following more complex object:

var myClass = new MyClass
{
    FirstMember = new List<object>
    {
        new List<object> { new List<object> { new List<object> { "hello" } }, "there" },
        new HashSet<string> { "hello", "hello", "there" },
        new SortedSet<string> { "hello", "hello", "there" },
        new LinkedList<object>( new object [] { new LinkedList<string>( new [] { "hello", "there" }) }),
    }
};

The following XML is generated:

<mc xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
    <fm xsi:type="ListWrapperOfObject">
        <Item xsi:type="ListWrapperOfObject">
            <Item xsi:type="ListWrapperOfObject">
                <Item xsi:type="ListWrapperOfObject">
                    <Item xsi:type="xsd:string">hello</Item>
                </Item>
            </Item>
            <Item xsi:type="xsd:string">there</Item>
        </Item>
        <Item xsi:type="HashSetWrapperOfString">
            <Item>hello</Item>
            <Item>there</Item>
        </Item>
        <Item xsi:type="SortedSetWrapperOfString">
            <Item>hello</Item>
            <Item>there</Item>
        </Item>
        <Item xsi:type="CollectionWrapperOfLinkedListOfObjectObject">
            <Item xsi:type="CollectionWrapperOfLinkedListOfStringString">
                <Item>hello</Item>
                <Item>there</Item>
            </Item>
        </Item>
    </fm>
</mc>

Each different collection type how has its own distinct xsi:type.

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