使用共享 dll 和最少的 C++/SWIG/Lua 代码出现链接错误
这是一个非常具体的编译问题,涉及 C++、SWIG 和 Lua。
我有一个非常简单的基本代码:
[AClass.hpp]
class AClass {
public:
AClass();
};
[AClass.cpp]
#include "AClass.hpp"
AClass::AClass() {}
[main.cpp]
#include "AClass.hpp"
int main() {
AClass my_a;
}
此时,有与编译无关。 我首先在 libengine.dll 中编译该类,然后使用共享库来构建可执行文件。
让我们引入一个 SWIG 模块,并将其添加到 dll 中:
[AClass.i]
%module M_AClass
%{
#include "AClass.hpp"
%}
%include "AClass.hpp"
因此,当链接可执行文件中的所有内容时,我收到以下错误:
g++ -c main.cpp
g++ -c AClass.cpp
swig.exe -c++ -lua AClass.i
g++ -Iinclude -c AClass_wrap.cxx
g++ AClass.o AClass_wrap.o -shared -o libengine.dll -Wl,--out-implib,libengine.dll.a -L. -llua5.1
Creating library file: libengine.dll.a
g++ main.o libengine.dll.a -o main.exe
main.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x16): undefined reference to `AClass::AClass()'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
有人有线索吗?我尝试使用 nm 查看 dll,但我无法弄清楚如何向共享库添加另一个 .o 可以“隐藏”一个方法(这不是特定于构造函数)。
为了重现上下文,以下是放置在目录中以构建测试的必要文件:
include/ # Contains "lauxlib.h", "lua.h" & "luaconf.h"
liblua5.1.dll
AClass.hpp
AClass.cpp
AClass.i
main.cpp
Makefile
最后,这里是 Makefile 内容:
ifneq (,$(findstring Linux,$(shell uname -o)))
EXEC := main
LIB := libengine.so
LIB_FLAGS := -o $(LIB)
else
EXEC := main.exe
LIB := libengine.dll.a
LIB_FLAGS := -o libengine.dll -Wl,--out-implib,$(LIB)
#NO DIFFERENCE using ".dll.a" as in CMake (option: -Wl,--out-implib,) or only ".dll"
ifdef SystemRoot
# Pure Windows, no Cygwin
RM := del /Q
endif
endif
LANG_LIB := -L. -llua5.1
LANG_INC := include
LANG_SWIG := -lua
all: clean $(EXEC)
clean:
$(RM) main *.exe *_wrap.cxx *.o libengine.*
$(EXEC): main.o $(LIB)
g++ $^ -o $@
main.o: main.cpp
g++ -c $<
#NO PB without dependency to AClass_wrap.o
$(LIB): AClass.o AClass_wrap.o
g++ $^ -shared $(LANG_LIB) $(LIB_FLAGS)
AClass.o: AClass.cpp
g++ -fPIC -c $<
AClass_wrap.o: AClass_wrap.cxx
g++ -fPIC -I$(LANG_INC) -c $<
AClass_wrap.cxx: AClass.i
swig -c++ $(LANG_SWIG) $<
这是在 Windows 7 下使用 MingGW g++ v4.5.2、SWIG 2.0.2 和 Lua5 进行测试的。 1.
编辑:当 SWIG 导出到 tcl 时也会出现此问题。不过在Linux下编译绝对没有问题。我比较了生成的AClass_wrap.cxx,它们是相似的。
This is a really specific compilation problem involving C++, SWIG and Lua.
I have a really simple base code :
[AClass.hpp]
class AClass {
public:
AClass();
};
[AClass.cpp]
#include "AClass.hpp"
AClass::AClass() {}
[main.cpp]
#include "AClass.hpp"
int main() {
AClass my_a;
}
At this point, there is no matter with compilation.
I first compile the class in libengine.dll and then use the shared library to build the executable.
Let's introduce a SWIG module, and add it to the dll :
[AClass.i]
%module M_AClass
%{
#include "AClass.hpp"
%}
%include "AClass.hpp"
Henceforth, when linking everything in an executable, I got the following error :
g++ -c main.cpp
g++ -c AClass.cpp
swig.exe -c++ -lua AClass.i
g++ -Iinclude -c AClass_wrap.cxx
g++ AClass.o AClass_wrap.o -shared -o libengine.dll -Wl,--out-implib,libengine.dll.a -L. -llua5.1
Creating library file: libengine.dll.a
g++ main.o libengine.dll.a -o main.exe
main.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x16): undefined reference to `AClass::AClass()'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Would anyone have a clue ? I tried looking into the dll with nm but I can't figure how adding another .o to the shared library can "hide" a method (this isn't specific to constructors).
To reproduce the context, here are the necessary files to put in a directory to build the test :
include/ # Contains "lauxlib.h", "lua.h" & "luaconf.h"
liblua5.1.dll
AClass.hpp
AClass.cpp
AClass.i
main.cpp
Makefile
And finally, here is the Makefile content :
ifneq (,$(findstring Linux,$(shell uname -o)))
EXEC := main
LIB := libengine.so
LIB_FLAGS := -o $(LIB)
else
EXEC := main.exe
LIB := libengine.dll.a
LIB_FLAGS := -o libengine.dll -Wl,--out-implib,$(LIB)
#NO DIFFERENCE using ".dll.a" as in CMake (option: -Wl,--out-implib,) or only ".dll"
ifdef SystemRoot
# Pure Windows, no Cygwin
RM := del /Q
endif
endif
LANG_LIB := -L. -llua5.1
LANG_INC := include
LANG_SWIG := -lua
all: clean $(EXEC)
clean:
$(RM) main *.exe *_wrap.cxx *.o libengine.*
$(EXEC): main.o $(LIB)
g++ $^ -o $@
main.o: main.cpp
g++ -c lt;
#NO PB without dependency to AClass_wrap.o
$(LIB): AClass.o AClass_wrap.o
g++ $^ -shared $(LANG_LIB) $(LIB_FLAGS)
AClass.o: AClass.cpp
g++ -fPIC -c lt;
AClass_wrap.o: AClass_wrap.cxx
g++ -fPIC -I$(LANG_INC) -c lt;
AClass_wrap.cxx: AClass.i
swig -c++ $(LANG_SWIG) lt;
This was tested under Windows Seven, with MingGW g++ v4.5.2, SWIG 2.0.2 and Lua5.1.
EDIT: The problem also appear when SWIG-exporting to tcl. However, there is absolutely no problem compiling under Linux. I compared the generated AClass_wrap.cxx, they are similar.
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mingw 下的 g++ 可能需要 __declspec(dllimport/export)
g++ under mingw might require __declspec(dllimport/export)